Help:References and page numbers

From Historical Hastings

Template:Wikipedia how to Per the verifiability policy, "Cite the source clearly and precisely (specifying page, section, or such divisions as may be appropriate)."

Examples[edit]

The manner in which a page number is included depends on the citation style. These examples use Citation Style 1 templates, but these are not required.

Footnotes[edit]

These examples use Footnotes:

This example is the most basic and includes unique references for each citation, showing the page numbers in the reference list. This repeats the citation, changing the page number.

Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972 |page=5}}</ref> Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972 |page=6}}</ref>
{{reflist}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1] Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[2]

  1. ↑ Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses. p. 5.
  2. ↑ Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses. p. 6.

Inline page numbers[edit]

Here, the page numbers are shown in the text by using {{rp}}. This allows named references to be used, combining multiple references to the same citation in a single footnote.

Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.<ref name=elk1972>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972}}</ref>{{rp|5}} Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.<ref name=elk1972 />{{rp|6}}
{{reflist}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1]:5 Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[1]:6

  1. ↑ a b Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses.

Named references[edit]

Whether using List-defined references or inline named references, {{r}} compactly combines the functions of <ref /> and {{rp}}.

Inline named references:
Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.<ref name=elk1972>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972}}</ref>{{rp|5}} Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.{{r|elk1972|p=6}}
{{reflist}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1]:5 Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[1]:6

  1. ↑ a b Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses.
List-defined references:
Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.{{r|elk1972|p=5}} Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.{{r|elk1972|p=6}}
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=elk1972>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972}}</ref>
}}
{{reflist}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1]:5 Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[1]:6

  1. ↑ a b Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses.

Shortened footnotes[edit]

Using Shortened footnotes, showing the page numbers in the notes list and a separate list for the full reference.

Shortened footnotes using {{harvtxt}} or {{harvnb}}:
Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.<ref>{{harvtxt|Elk|1972|p=5}}</ref> Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.<ref>{{harvnb|Elk|1972|p=6}}</ref>

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1] Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[2]

  1. ↑ Elk (1972, p. 5)
  2. ↑ Elk 1972, p. 6
Shortened footnotes using {{sfn}}:
Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.{{sfn|Elk|1972|p=5}} Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.{{sfn|Elk|1972|p=6}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1] Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[2]

  1. ↑ Elk 1972, p. 5.
  2. ↑ Elk 1972, p. 6.

A mix of Footnotes and Shortened footnotes with the full reference in the first footnote and shortened footnotes for subsequent references.

Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972a  |ref=harv |page=5}}</ref> Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.{{sfn|Elk|1972a|p=6}}
{{reflist}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end.[1] Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.[2]

  1. ↑ Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972a). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses. p. 5.
  2. ↑ Elk 1972a, p. 6.

Parenthetical referencing[edit]

Parenthetical referencing (Harvard), showing the page numbers in-text using {{harv}}.

Markup Renders as 
The brontosaurus is thin at one end {{harv|Elk|1972b|p=5}}. Then it becomes much thicker in the middle {{harv|Elk|1972b|p=6}}.

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972b  |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

The brontosaurus is thin at one end (Elk 1972b, p. 5). Then it becomes much thicker in the middle (Elk 1972b, p. 6).

Other in-source locations[edit]

Template:More Often, a page number is not appropriate such as when citing an audio or video source or a book that has no page numbers. The Citation Style 1 templates have an |at= parameter that can be used to include non-page locators. The Author-date citation templates use |loc=.

Some example locators: section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse

See also[edit]

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