https://historymap.info/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Royp&feedformat=atomHistorical Hastings - User contributions [en-gb]2024-03-28T11:56:49ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.2https://historymap.info/index.php?title=Charles_Chapman_(1836-1898)&diff=114683Charles Chapman (1836-1898)2022-10-05T14:07:33Z<p>Royp: Add link</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Charles<br />
|surname=Chapman<br />
|father=Charles Chapman (1807-1869)<br />
|mother=Ruth Foord (1816-1889)<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Charles Chapman<br />
|birth_year=1836<br />
|death_year=1898<br />
|image=Charles Chapman 1836-1898.jpg<br />
|joined_with=Mary Ann Nabbs (1832-1874) + Mary Ann Groves (1841-1916)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
|wedding1_day=27<br />
|wedding1_month=10<br />
|wedding1_year=1856<br />
|ifmarried-g2=Yes<br />
|wedding2_day=27<br />
|wedding2_month=4<br />
|wedding2_year=1875<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
}}<br />
Resident at 22 [[North Street]], Charles was listed as a dairyman in [[Melville & Cos 1858 Directory and Gazeteer of Sussex 1858]].<br />
{{Siblings}}<br />
{{showfacts residences}}<br />
{{showfacts awards}}{{showfacts journeys}}{{showfacts workhistory}}{{showfacts military}}{{showfacts religious}}{{showfacts community}}<br />
{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Elphinstone_School&diff=114675Elphinstone School2022-10-03T11:31:39Z<p>Royp: Remove fss</p>
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<div>During 1952, this new junior school, Elphinstone School opened in [[Parker Road]] taking over from [[Mount Pleasant Schools]], however the earlier site continued in use as an annexe until its final closure in 1984. Registrations for [[Mount Pleasant]] Infant's School continue in the Elphinstone Junior School admission registers until 1976. By 1979, it finally was known as Elphinstone Infants School. Final closure and demolition of the old site followed some five years later in 1984<ref>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/75afc4c9-9971-43f3-8c47-d2308f0f6bf3 National Archives]</ref>.<br />
{{ShowImages}}[[AddressDetail::;Parker Road;1952| ]]<br />
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[[Category:Schools]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=File:Gildersleeves1922.jpg&diff=114673File:Gildersleeves1922.jpg2022-10-01T13:39:46Z<p>Royp: /* Summary */</p>
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<div>== Summary ==<br />
{{Visible|Gildersleeves Hotel}} {{Visible|Robertson Terrace}} {{Circa|1922}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Template:Cc-by-sa-2.0&diff=114057Template:Cc-by-sa-2.02022-03-16T16:22:09Z<p>Royp: Created page with "Creative Commons (CC) licenses are public licenses. You can use them to indicate what other people are allowed to do with your work. Each work is automatically protected by co..."</p>
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<div>Creative Commons (CC) licenses are public licenses. You can use them to indicate what other people are allowed to do with your work. Each work is automatically protected by copyright, which means that others will need to ask permission from you as the copyright owner.<br />
<br />
CC licenses let you easily change your copyright terms from the default of “all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved.” They are legal tools to give permission in advance to share and use your work – on conditions of your choice.<br />
<br />
There are six different Creative Commons licenses: CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND. The letter pairs indicate conditions for use.<br />
CC BY is the most open license. It allows the user to redistribute, to create derivatives, such as a translation, and even use the publication for commercial activities, provided that appropriate credit is given to the author (BY) and that the user indicates whether the publication has been changed.<br />
CC BY-SA is also an open license. The letters SA (share alike) indicate that the adjusted work should be shared under the same reuse rights, so with the same CC license.<br />
NC (non-commercial use) and ND (no derivative works) are conditions that make the CC licenses more restrictive and thus less open.</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113522Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:30:58Z<p>Royp: Format</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Benjamin<br />
|surname=Carswell<br />
|father=Richard Carswell<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Benjamin Carswell<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
A member of the [[:Category:Carswell Family|Carswell Family]] was known to have been the miller at the [[1723 Post Mill|earliest known mill]] in Hastings. In March 1757 there is record in the Millward archives of a transfer to Thorpe Diamond of the following property<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_MIL_4_1_46}}</ref>:-<br />
<br />
# A tenement with ouhouses, stables, etc in All Saints and in the occupation of Benjamin Carswell<br />
# A barn and 22 acres of land and wood in the parishes of All Saints and Fairlight, held by the said Benjamin Carswell for the residue of a term of 1000 years.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Carswell Family]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113521Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:29:03Z<p>Royp: Property transfer</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Benjamin<br />
|surname=Carswell<br />
|father=Richard Carswell<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Benjamin Carswell<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
A member of the [[:Category:Carswell Family|Carswell Family]] was known to have been the miller at the [[1723 Post Mill|earliest known mill]] in Hastings. In March 1757 there is record in the Millward archives of a transfer to Thorpe Diamond of the following property<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_MIL_4_1_46}}</ref>:-<br />
<br />
1 A tenement with ouhouses, stables, etc in All Saints and in the occupation of Benjamin Carswell<br />
2 A barn and 22 acres of land and wood in the parishes of All Saints and Fairlight, held by the said Benjamin Carswell for the residue of a term of 1000 years.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Carswell Family]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113520Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:20:00Z<p>Royp: Add father</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Benjamin<br />
|surname=Carswell<br />
|father=Richard Carswell<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Benjamin Carswell<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
A member of the [[:Category:Carswell Family|Carswell Family]] was known to have been the miller at the [[1723 Post Mill|earliest known mill]] in Hastings.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Carswell Family]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Talk:Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113519Talk:Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:17:07Z<p>Royp: Created page with "{{FSS}}"</p>
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<div>{{FSS}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113518Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:13:04Z<p>Royp: Init facts</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Benjamin<br />
|surname=Carswell<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Benjamin Carswell<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
A member of the [[:Category:Carswell Family|Carswell Family]] was known to have been the miller at the [[1723 Post Mill|earliest known mill]] in Hastings.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Carswell Family]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Benjamin_Carswell_(1699-1766)&diff=113517Benjamin Carswell (1699-1766)2021-11-26T13:11:40Z<p>Royp: </p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
A member of the [[:Category:Carswell Family|Carswell Family]] was known to have been the miller at the [[1723 Post Mill|earliest known mill]] in Hastings.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Carswell Family]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Page:Powell%27s_Hastings_and_St_Leonards_Guide_Eighth_edition.pdf/33&diff=113489Page:Powell's Hastings and St Leonards Guide Eighth edition.pdf/332021-11-24T13:04:53Z<p>Royp: /* Not proofread */ Created page with " tymber) to lay the foundacon of this new woorke wth in the tymber woorke of the old Peere and so to contynue wth tymber braces and barres crosse dogys and such like up to the..."</p>
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<div><noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Royp" /></noinclude><br />
tymber) to lay the foundacon of this new woorke<br />
wth in the tymber woorke of the old Peere and so to contynue wth tymber braces and barres crosse dogys and such like up to the top. And this woorke<br />
was with singular industry and arte brought above the full and by all Hollantyde 1597 well nere fin<br />
ished viz. XXX foote high and C foote long at<br />
least bewtyfull to behold huge invincible and unre moveable in the iudgment of all the beholders amounting to a great charge whereunto the whole<br />
Shire and div's beholders were contributaryes of<br />
7<br />
benevolence besides the Townes great expences.<br />
But behold when Men were most secure and<br />
thought the woorke to be perpetual on All Saints daie 1597 appeared the mighty force of God who vith the finger of his hand at once great and ex eeeding high spring tyde wth a South -east wynd<br />
overthrew this huge woorke in lesse then an hower<br />
to the great terror and abasm of all beholders to the great discredit of the lyke woorke hereafter with the Contry and to the manifest undoing of the Town ved'by reason thereof was left greatly<br />
indetted ."<br />
" By this president let the posterity (howsome I record this) beware they never attempt to build<noinclude></noinclude></div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Page:Powell%27s_Hastings_and_St_Leonards_Guide_Eighth_edition.pdf/32&diff=113488Page:Powell's Hastings and St Leonards Guide Eighth edition.pdf/322021-11-24T13:02:27Z<p>Royp: /* Not proofread */ Created page with "Large pieces of timber, and enormous fragments of rocks, the remains of the pier, are to be seen at low water. The following is an extract from one of the Record Books of the..."</p>
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<div><noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Royp" /></noinclude>Large pieces of timber, and enormous fragments of rocks, the remains of the pier, are to be seen at low water. The following is an extract from one of the Record Books of the Corporation of Has<br />
tings, relative to the destruction of the Pier, writ ten in the subsequent year.<br />
" Memorand that about the 1st ofMarch , 1595, The Peere of Hasting was begonne to be redefied by certein westerne.Men ,sent for of purpose from the Cobb. of Lyme. And by them was built<br />
a huge woorke wth out th ' old Pere full south all of huge rock artificially pyled edglong one close<br />
loy another of a great hight but wth out any Tym ber yet to mans iudgment unremoveable, it grew to so huge a pile, but notwthstanding the first wynter flaw overthrew it in a moment and dispers<br />
ed the huge rock lyke thin Plank and so that cost<br />
was lost."<br />
" But the next year after other Workmen of bet ter knowledge (as was thought) were called thence and by genrall consent the lyke pere of woorke was begon to be againe built wth the lik huge rock . And for more suerty by advise of the Mr Workman it was thought best (because they iudg ed the decay of the former was for want of some<noinclude></noinclude></div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Template:FeatureBox&diff=113421Template:FeatureBox2021-11-22T11:46:11Z<p>Royp: Change PayPal wording</p>
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<div><includeonly>{{Infobox<br />
| bodystyle = width:{{{width|30.0em}}};<br />
| aboveclass = navbox-title nowrap<br />
| abovestyle = <br />
| above = Featured Pages<br />
| labelstyle = padding-left:0.25em;padding-right:0.5em; |datastyle = padding-left:0.25em;<br />
| label1=Manuscript Histories |data1=[[Brett Manuscript Histories|The Brett Manuscripts]]<br/>(currently being transcribed)<br />
| label2= [[:Category:Transport|Transport Routes]] |data2=[[Harrow Bridge]]<br />
| label3=The Author of Historic Hastings<br />
|data3=[[J. Manwaring Baines (1910-2002)]]<br />
| label4=[[:Category:Housing|Housing in the town]]<br />
|data4=[[:Category:Named Buildings|Named Buildings]]<br/><small>({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Named Buildings}} pages)</small><br />
| label5=[[:Category:Personal History|Personal Histories]]<br />
|data5=[[Pen Portrait of Hastings 1889]]<br />
| label6=Genealogy<br />
|data6=[[:Category:People|People]]<br />
| label7=[[:Category:People by Surname|Local Surnames]]<br/><small>({{PAGESINCATEGORY:People by Surname}} surnames)</small> |data7=[[:Category:Breeds_(surname)|The Breeds Family]]<br />
| label8=[[:Category:Tourism|The Tourist Trade]]<br />
|data8=[[Beach]] Photographs through time<br />
| label9=[[:Category:Images by Decade|Images by decade]] |data9=[[1940 to 1949|Hastings during and post-WW2]]<br />
| label10=Help to improve this history |data10=[[:Category:Pages_needing_re-write|Pages needing more content]]<br />
| label11=Featured Place of Worship: |data11=[[All Souls Church]]<br />
| label12=Changed Pages:|data12=[[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]<br />
| label13=Support this site:|data13=[https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=GG79S45R4H256 Support this site]<br />
| name = FeatureBox<br />
}}<br />
<br />
</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude></div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Temperance&diff=112466Temperance2021-10-05T14:19:52Z<p>Royp: Redirect</p>
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<div>[[Redirect:Category:Temperance Movement]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Quarry_Road&diff=112423Quarry Road2021-09-30T12:25:37Z<p>Royp: Correct dates</p>
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<div>{{Infobox street<br />
|junction={{GetJunctions}}<br />
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Constructed between 1872 and 1881 as part of the Mount Pleasant estate<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18780629/071/0004}}</ref>.<br />
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<div>{{Infobox street<br />
|junction={{GetJunctions}}<br />
}}<br />
Constructed circa 1878 as part of the Mount Pleasant estate<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18780629/071/0004}}</ref>.<br />
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[[Category:Roads needing more detail]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Talk:Quarry_Road&diff=112421Talk:Quarry Road2021-09-30T12:17:42Z<p>Royp: Created page with "{{FSS}}"</p>
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<div>{{FSS}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Rediffusion&diff=111031Rediffusion2021-09-02T15:07:55Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>== Fibre Optic Trials ==<br />
Rediffusion were pioneers in Fibre Optic cabling which today carries the backbone of the internet worldwide. The first trial of it for carrying video was in Hastings during 1976 between [[Blackman Avenue]] and the offices on the Ponswood Industrial Estate. Rediffussion were superceded by [[Granada TV]], who took over both the cable television service and the television/video rental shops which existed in [[Queens Parade]], [[Robertson Street]] and [[London Road]] at various times with customers being supported by a warehouse/repair facility on the [[Category:Ponswood Industrial Estate|Ponswood Industrial Estate]].<br />
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[[Category:Businesses]]<br />
[[Category:Ponswood Industrial Estate]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=York_Buildings&diff=111030York Buildings2021-09-02T14:57:13Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Infobox street<br />
|namesake=Duke of York<br />
|main_contractor=[[William Ransom (1760-1849)|William Ransom]]<br />
}}<br />
Prior to about 1842, the properties in York Buildings had front gardens enclosed by railings<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXVI - Hastings 1841#250|Vol. 3 Chap. 26]]</ref><br />
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[[Category:Roads needing more detail]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=White_Rock&diff=111029White Rock2021-09-02T14:57:11Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Infobox street<br />
|namesake=<br />
|former_names=Precursor Place<br/>Stratford Place<br />
|image=128a.jpg<br />
|caption=<br />
|construction_start_date=<br />
|completion_date=<br />
|Adoption_date=<br />
|demolition_date=<br />
|references=<br />
|completed_by=1833<br />
|landmarks=[[Palace Chambers]]<br/>[[White Rock Pavilion]]<br/>[[White Rock Baths]]<br/>[[Hastings Pier]]<br/>[[Boer War Memorial]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Junction|Carlisle Parade}}<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name of ‘White Rock’ most likely came from the colour of its cliffs and rocks, a yellow-brown sandstone, which was bleached white by the action of the sea lapping around the headland.In the first half of the 18th century, mapping shows this headland extending out from where [[White Rock Gardens]] are today.<br />
<br />
Originally named Precursor Place then Stratford Place<ref>{{CousinsBook|228}}</ref>, part of the frontage was also made up by Albert Place<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXV - St. Leonards 1846#286|Vol. 3 Chap. 35]]</ref>, the road being renamed on the 7th of October 1881.<br />
<br />
== Presentation on maps ==<br />
A small-scale map by Budgen in 1724 shows rocks in front of the headland, with the caption ‘White Rocks’ - possibly from the bleached sandstone. The larger scale Samuel Cant map dated to 1746 has ‘White Rock’ beside the headland, which, assuming the map is accurate, would appear to be of a harder stone than the area surrounding.<br />
<br />
The 1746 map also reveals that the area of [[St Michaels Place]], on the east side of [[Dorset Place]], was a tall hill, with a windmill. Until late Victorian times this hill was known as ‘Cuckoo Hill’. Records dated 1832 describe [[Dorset Place]] as the road ‘up Mill Hollow to the White Rock’. The first Ordnance Survey map of Hastings, surveyed in 1873, calls the whole White Rock area ‘Cuckoo Hill’, and near the rocks in the sea to the front of the hill it says ‘St Michael on the Rock’. Prior to the 18th century the headland would appear to have been known as ‘St Michael’s Hill’, with ‘St Michael’s Cliff’ in front of it - most likely because of the close association to [[St Michaels Church]].<br />
<br />
As Hastings grew as a tourist destination in the late 18th Century, the grassy knoll of [[Cuckoo Hill]] became a well frequented view point.<br />
<br />
==Carswell's Mill==<br />
[[Joseph Carswell (1725-1789)|Joseph Carswell]] inherited a mill that stood roughly behind where [[Beau Site Convalescent Home]] from his mother. This mill stood for a number of years until destroyed in a storm on the 19th of February 1808. This was on the site of an earlier mill which was destroyed in a hurricane on the 9th of November 1800. Even this mill was the successor to an earlier one; located slightly to the east on [[Cuckoo Hill]] which was shown on the 1746 map<ref>{{HSLO|27 July 1901|8}}</ref><br />
==Transport Routes==<br />
Before 1835, anyone wishing to head west from Hastings along the coast had to follow a rocky track along the bottom of St Michael’s Cliff and the cliffs of St Leonards. The first 350 yards of this track started at the end of today’s [[Robertson Street]] and gradually rose up the remains of the headland (in front of what is now [[White Rock Gardens]]) where a mass of huge boulders, perhaps 40 feet high, reached from the foot of the cliff into the sea at high tide. From there the track sloped down to where [[Verulam Place]] is now.<ref name="hc"/><br />
<br />
To get past this pile of boulders, a partially-sunken roadway was cut through them, possibly in the late 18th century. The road closely followed the base of the cliff and climbed up to a height of about 25 feet above sea level in the cutting. This roadway was a key part of the coastal route going west, but in gales and very high tides it was dangerous to use or was even unusable, and the only alternative was to climb the steep track of what is now [[Dorset Place]] onto the 90 feet high White Rock and then follow a similar track on the other side, rejoining the coastal route at today’s [[Verulam Place]].<ref name="hc">[https://hastingschronicle.net/features/a-history-of-white-rock/ Hastings Chronicle]</ref> Brett in his Manuscript Histories describes the route thus;<br />
<br />
{{Quote|At that time the route from the Old Town to the new lay over the Priory Bridge, through White Rock street, over the White-rock hill (a steep and rugged projection on the site of the present Pier and Baths, with a faggot road on each side), along a low and crooked way (which was protected from the sea, not by walls and groynes as at present, but by high ridges of beach), and past the valley of Warrior's Gate and Gensing<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett_Volume_1:_Chapter_V_-_St_Leonards_1831#Boats_and_bathing_machines_-_Mounted_officers_-_A_smuggler_shot_-_South_Colonnade|Vol. 1 Chap. V]]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
== Creation of new route ==<br />
With the creation of St Leonards, by 1834, speculators had already started investing in the future by beginning to cut back the cliff, from [[Robertson Street]] towards the western end of the shops in White Rock today<ref>{{CousinsBook|304}}</ref>. Around this time, the track below the cliff, sometimes known as the High Road, was officially named as [[White Rock|Stratford Place]]. The unstable cliff was stabilised with large-scale brickwork beginning during the early 1830s<ref>[[Steve Peak]] - 'a new history of the ' (a work in progress)</ref>, and businesses started to appear in the area. These included two large, well known companies: [[Rock & Co|Rock's Coach Factory]] (later [[Courts]] the Furnishers), built in 1834/5, and the [[White Rock Brewery]] constructed in 1831/2. Around this time, part of the cliff was cut back at [[Verulam Place]], immediately to the west of today’s pier, and ten houses were built there between 1833 and 1840<ref name="hc"/>. Numbers 25 to 31 in the terrace are the older buildings, unless replaced as described elsewhere, and numbers 1 to 20 were constructed in 1847<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXVII - St. Leonards 1847#297|Vol. 3 Chap. 37 pg. 297]]</ref>. There was a spring behind either number 24 or 25 from where the inhabitants of the obtained their water, but this was reported to have dried up by around 1885<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXVII - St. Leonards 1847#296|Vol. 3 Chap. 37 pg.296]]</ref><br />
<br />
==1834 Storm==<br />
Engineers involved with the project had completed plans to complete the route to St Leonards and the work was about to commence when a [[Storm of 1834|severe storm]] hit the coast on the 18th/19th of October 1834, causing much damage along the coast, undermining the new buildings in Stratford Place. Work was halted whilst temporary sea defences were put in place.<br />
<br />
== Princess Victoria Visit==<br />
A fortnight later, on 4 November 1834, the heiress-apparent, 15-year old [[Princess Victoria]], came to stay in St Leonards. Travelling from London by road, she passed through Hastings en route. The White Rock coast road had been rendered impassable by the recent storm, so her entourage had to take the very difficult route via [[Dorset Place]], which had also been damaged by increased use following the breaking up the coast road by the gale.<br />
<br />
==Infirmary==<br />
In 1841, a [[General Infirmary|Hospital]] opened opposite what would become the site of [[Hastings Pier]]. This was subsequently re-built in 1884 in a 'rotunda' style, eventually being replaced by the [[White Rock Pavilion]] when the new [[Royal East Sussex Hospital|hospital]] opened in [[Bohemia Road]] in 1905.<br />
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[[Category:America Ground|America Ground]]<br />
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[[Category:Roads needing more detail]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Waterworks_Road&diff=111028Waterworks Road2021-09-02T14:57:09Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Infobox street}}<br />
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At around 160 meters long<ref>https://www.streetlist.co.uk/tn/tn34/tn34-1/waterworks-road</ref>, Waterworks Road is so named for the [[Hastings (Priory) Watermill|Watermill]] that used to be roughly where the road intersects [[Queens Road]], this being demolished at some point prior to the construction of the [[Gas Works]] which opened in 1830<ref>{{CousinsBook|202}}</ref>. <br />
==Watermill==<br />
<section begin=Watermill />Few records exist of the watermill itself, although there is in the Collier and Milward archives reference to the area of this road being known as the 'Watermill Brook' with accounts dating to 1738<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_MIL_3_16_12}}</ref>, a conveyance dated to 30 Aug. 1769 of a mill (possibly not this one) which was originally a powder mill to "Edward Milward from Elias Sinnock of Ore, blacksmith, and his wife Elizabeth, late Elizabeth Thatcher, one of the devisees of John Bossom of Hastings, cordwainer"<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_MIL_3_16_17}}</ref>. <br />
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This conveyance is one of a number appearing during the 18th Century. A number of leases also appear, one dated to 29 Sept 1813, described thus:-Edward Milward of Hastings, esq to Mark Godden of Ore, gardener - piece of land known as Watermill Brook (3a 1r 0p) Hastings St Andrew and Hastings St Mary in the Castle (NW: lands belonging to Mrs Sayer; NE: lane leading from the seaside to Ore; W and SE: other lands belonging to EM)<br />
Witness: John Tompsett"<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_HMU_3_1_583}}</ref><section end=Watermill /><br />
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==Development==<br />
By 1868, there is record of a slaughterhouse and stable to the rear of numbers 1 & 3<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/6/1/1194}}</ref>, with a coach house at the rear of number 5<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/6/1/1163}}</ref> and stables and a workhouse behind numbers 7 & 9<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/6/1/1105}}</ref> - all of these properties being to the southern side of the road and plans apportioning this and adjoining streets into building plots having been drawn up by Messrs Voysey, Jeffery and Skiller in July of 1865<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_HMU_9_73}}</ref>. <br />
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Housing on the north side of the road (even numbers 4-20) appears to have been in the planning stage circa 1871<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/6/1/1393}}</ref> (although the below plan from the Ion Castro collection reportedly dates to 1800 and names them as 'Alfred Terrace') - the houses in fact first appear on mapping from Ordnance Survey dating to 1873, by which time number 5 is now a flour mill<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/6/1/1322}}</ref>. In addition, one of the properties in [[Queens Road]] opposite the junction and slightly to the south is shown on the map, yet dated in the render of the building to 1870.<br />
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An [[Air Raid Shelters|Air Raid Shelter]] is known to have been situated in the Corporation Yard to the north of the road during [[WW2]]<ref>{{TheKeep|DH/C/22/25}}</ref>.<br />
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<div>{{Infobox street<br />
|namesake=Warehouse (corruption)<br />
|former_names=Belgravia<br />
|image=<br />
|caption=Warrior Square circa 1930<br />
|construction_start_date=1833<br />
|completion_date=1864<br />
|Adoption_date=<br />
|demolition_date=<br />
|references=<br />
|landmarks=[[Statue of Queen Victoria]]<br />
|constructed_by=Mr Troup<br />
}}<br />
According to [[J. Manwaring Baines (1910-2002)|Baines]], the name Warrior is most likely a corruption of 'Warehouse' - smugglers being known to secrete goods in the vicinity.<br />
== Construction ==<br />
With construction commencing on what was previously known as the Warrior Field<ref>{{HSLO|18 July 1844|3}}</ref> in 1833 with a single dwelling owned by a Mr. Troup near the middle of the square (no longer standing)<ref name="BMH">[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett_Volume_1:_Chapter_IX_-_St_Leonards_1833#The_.22Insiders.22_and_.22Outsiders.22_but_St._Leonards_the_designation_of_both_-_Suggested_new_town_of_St._Marys|Vol. 1 Chap. 9]]</ref>. The square itself was dedicated in 1849<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XLI - St. Leonards 1849#329|Vol. 3 Chap. 41]]</ref>, albeit incomplete at this stage. Construction of numbers 18 to 24 Warrior Square was started on the 13th of September, 1854 under the denomination of 'Belgravia'; the four houses being constructed by Mr. John Kenwood, a builder and Mr. Joseph Sidney Cooper, who had retired from running the [[Cooper's Library|East Parade]] library. Inside the first stone laid was concealed a medal containing the Lord's Prayer on one side, and the Apostles' Creed on the other<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 6: Chapter LV - St. Leonards 1856#14|Vol. 6 Chap. 55]]</ref>.<br />
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The Warrior Square Estate, comprising what became the [[Edinburgh Hotel]] and 15 acres of building land, was sold on the 3rd of May 1855 for a mortgaged price of £11,000 with a lease of 99 years as a result of the insolvency of Mr. Jas. Troup. Mr. Moreing acquired or purchased the site and coompletedthe construction<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 5: Chapter LIV - Hastings 1855#226|Vol. 5 Chap. 54]]</ref><br />
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The final buildings in Warrior Square were constructed by 1865<ref>{{CousinsBook|306}}</ref>, with the buildings at the northern end being the last to be completed, and contemporary guide books described it with an alternative name ‘Belgravia’. Whiteman’s Guide to Hastings, St Leonards and the Neighbourhood, 1869, noted “Warrior Square, At once the abode of quiet and elegance, being composed of the finest houses in the borough. The extensive gardens in the centre are very tastefully laid out. The [[Hastings and St. Leonards Horticultural Society]] holds its annual meetings in these gardens”. The gardens in the centre were completed over a decade earlier in 1852.<br />
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Until 1931, the upper portion of the gardens was not open to the public, being subscription gardens prior to this<ref> Hastings and St Leonards Observer - Saturday 21 February 1931 p6</ref>; see below for details of the transfer to public ownership.<br />
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[[File:Tunnel under Warrior Square.jpg|thumb|Captioned: "A flag stoned tunnel of great age which runs under the main road and from Warrior Square Putting Green and Gardens. Roman coins of the year of the Emperor Commodius found in the square in 1855 in Jan; Used by the coaches; Charlie Eldridge Parks & Gardens Foreman"]]<br />
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== Permission for housing ==<br />
An act of Parliament, dated June 14th 1827, empowered trustees to deal with the lands of the [[Eversfield Estate]], and enacted that it shall be lawful for the trustees to set out part of the lands for square, lawns, etc “for the use and convenience of the occupiers of the houses and other buildings” and this provided for the setting-out of [[Warrior Square Gardens]] which opened to the public in 1852 with a band playing three times a week.<br />
== Proposal for new town hall==<br />
In 1936, there was a proposal to re-locate the [[Town Hall|town hall]] to the upper portion of Warrior Square reported in the local press. Due to the open area in which it was due to have been constructed having been given to the public by Major H. C. Holman after purchasing the land in 1930 and entering into a covenant with the council on the 15th of June 1931. Major Holman wrote a lengthy letter to the council which was published in the [[Hastings & St Leonards Observer]] on the 17th of October 1936.<ref name="BNAHall">{{BNA|0000293/19361017/310/0016}}</ref> The letter went on to say {{Quote|"In 1930 I was able to purchase the Upper Warrior-square gardens and give them to the borough, and on one of the conditions for the contract was that the use to which the Corporation put the gardens should not interfere unduly with the existing rights of those people who are at present entitled to use them. And in the conveyance, dated June 15th, 1931, the Corporation covenant with South Coast Residences, Limited, and myself to maintain same as a pleasure ground. How can the recommendation adopted by the Town Council last Friday, to obtain statutory powers for compulsory acquisition of the lands and “rights” of the upper terrace gardens to build thereon be reconciled with the terms of the conveyance? We must have unlimited confidence in the integrity of our Corporation.<br />
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For the Hastings Town Hall to be in Warrior-square Gardens is in no respect a necessity. Many other desirable sites exist, most magnificent of all the Oval of White Rock Gardens, which has always been recognised as reserved for the purpose, and available without additional expense to the ratepayers. The Borough Engineer, when to give his views upon the different sites mentioned. was unable to submit any serious objections, or was he momentarily disconcerted by the flattering remarks upon his genius made by one of the lady members? Other objections voiced at the meeting were without weight. [[Wellington Square]] “was on a cross slope,” no difficulty in this when erecting a new building. [[Station Road|Station-road]] would be surrounded by buildings. The Oval or Summer Fields would dominate the whole town from the civic consciousness point of view. but it would always be inaccessible. Why inaccessible? Such as objection was not raised when acquiring the [[Hastings Museum|Museum]] site, or even later when adding to that building.<ref name="BNAHall"/>}}<br />
The Major went on to say: {{Quote|The trustees conveyed land in Warrior-square to the north of [[Norman Road]] to James Troup, dated October 23rd and 24th, 1834, and this conveyance recites “That the piece of land marked No. 4 (the upper gardens) should be for-ever kept as a pleasure ground and not be built upon except any ornamental low lodge or building for the better preservation or convenience of such pleasure ground,” and further that no building shall be erected thereon to interrupt the view from the windows of the houses to be erected. To cover the upper terrace gardens with a Town Hall will interrupt the view of the houses of the upper part of the square. The conveyances from James Troup and his successors also grant use and enjoyment of these gardens to the owners and occupiers of the houses to be built<ref name="BNAHall"/>.}}<br />
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== Tunnel ==<br />
[[File:A-flag-stoned-tunnel-under-warrior-square-gardens-and-the-main-seafront-road-1930s.jpg|thumb|"A flag stoned tunnel of great antiquity which runs under warrior square gardens and the main seafront road. Roman coins of the reign of emperor commodius found in the vicinity in 1855 during construction of the square." Then scribbled underneath " Charlie eldridge, parks and gardens foreman"]]<br />
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A now-sealed tunnel lined with flag-stones was cut under the road from the lower gardens under the main road. [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Brett]] describes a tunnel that was constructed from the first house built in the square, connecting both parts of the gardens to the house<ref name="BMH"/>. This tunnel again gains a mention in 1862, when the annual Hastings and St Leonards Horticultural Exhibition was held in the gardens - the tunnel providing access between both portions of the gardens, being "illuminated by gas-jets and other devices". Brett confirms that this was constructed by James Troup<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 10: Chapter LXVIII - Hastings 1862#39|Vol. 10 Chap. 68 Pg. 39]]</ref>. Steps down to a doorway opening under the road transecting the gardens certainly survived in the southern-most portion of the gardens into the nineteen seventies which may have been the southern portal of Troup's tunnel. This would appear to have been back-filled following the Storm Drain project re-instatement of the gardens and is no longer visible.<br />
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A photograph of a tunnel under Warrior Square has come to light (shown to right) which may either be this tunnel, or, alternatively, that of the culvert which was known to exist under the gardens, carrying a stream under the gardens out to sea. Taking the caption on the obverse of the photograph, the culvert seems the most likely possibility - in which case it was partially intersected by the [[Southern Water Storm Drain]] project at the Warrior Square shaft and is now incorporated into that scheme.<br />
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==Public Ownership==<br />
The lower gardens were opened to the general public when the land was acquired by the Borough Council in 1920 with the remaining, uppermost rose garden falling into public ownership in 1930.<ref name="wikipedia.org">Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Leonards-on-Sea#Parks_and_gardens St Leonards-on-Sea - Wikipedia], accessdate: 28 January 2020</ref><br />
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|construction_start_date = 25 Jan 1850<ref name="rootschat.com">1066 Genealogy: [https://www.rootschat.com/history/hastings/content/view/3/26/ 1066 Genealogy], accessdate: 29 November 2019</ref><br />
|namesake=[[Patrick Robertson (1807-1885)|Patrick Robertson]]<br />
|junction={{GetJunctions}} [[Cambridge Road]]<br/>[[Havelock Road]]<br/>[[Queens Road]]<br/>[[Harold Place]]<br/>[[Trinity Street]]<br/>[[Robertson Passage]]<br/>[[Claremont]]<br/>[[White Rock]]<br/>[[Carlisle Parade]]<br />
|places_of_worship=[[Holy Trinity Church]]<br/>[[Robertson Street Congregational Church]]<br />
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Built on the site of the [[:Category:America Ground|America Ground]], construction started soon after initial plans were drawn up by the architects [[Reeks Humbert]], with an advertisement for groundworks (drains etc) appearing in the local paper on the 25th January 1850. Some six weeks after this, an advertisement appeared for what possibly was the first trader to move into the new street; that of [[R. Funnell]] with a Provision Warehouse at 6 Robertson Street supplying tea and coffee<ref name="rootschat.com"/>, with the gilder and framer [[Thomas Mann (1816-1903)]] moving in not long after. By 1852, the street was populated with 16 traders appearing in a local directory<ref>Osbornes Street & Commercial Directory 1852 ([[Henry Osborne (1842-)|Henry Osborne]] [[George Street]])</ref><br />
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== Perception of new street==<br />
Initially traders moving to the street were wary of how their business would fare in the new location, being on a road that ,for a time, did not lead to any destinations (most of the town was still either central in the Priory Valley or further east). As a result, many established traders still maintained their existing premises. These fears however proved to be unfounded with a local guide towards the end of the 19th century describing the road thus;<br />
"Robertson Street is the `Regent Street’ of Hastings; the place where ladies most do congregate when on shopping thoughts intent; and, indeed, there is some excuse, for the shops are of the best, and the wares so tastefully displayed that 'tis no wonder ladies are tempted when time hangs heavy and purses are well filled. During several hours of the day the roadway is filled with carriages, and the side walks thronged with pedestrians"<ref name="rootschat.com"/><br />
== Completion of Shops==<br />
By 1855, the [[Main Post Office|Post Office]] Directory gives forty four shops, increasing to 53 by the time the 1862 edition of the directory was published.<ref name="rootschat.com"/><ref>[[Main Post Office|Post Office]] Directory 1855 & 1862</ref><br />
==Double-sided Premises==<br />
Unusually perhaps, a number of properties in the road were of a double-aspect, also opening onto [[Cambridge Road]] - these being numbers 47-51, corresponding to the odd-numbers 7-11 on Cambridge Road.<br />
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== Pedestrianisation==<br />
In March of 1997, the sections of both Robertson Street and [[Cambridge Road]] closest to the [[:Category:Town Centre|Town Centre]] were pedestrianised.<br />
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|junction=[[Queens Road]],{{GetJunctions}}<br />
|former_names=1 & 2 Spring Gardens (No 5 & 6)<ref>{{TheKeep|R/C/4/175 }}</ref><br/>Spring Cottages (No 8 & 9)<ref name="nationalarchives.gov.uk">The National Archives: [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/cc4791f3-e752-4ffa-a507-a0f9017f9787 Browse records of other archives | The National Archives], accessdate: 14 January 2020</ref><br />
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There is a spring running behind this road<ref>Paul Newman</ref>, perhaps giving name to [[Spring Cottage]] and the terraced properties, [[Queens Road|Spring Terrace]] that used to be on [[Queens Road]] at the foot of the valley<ref>[[Brian Lawes]]</ref>.<br />
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A pumping house was erected in at [[Newgate Reservoir]] to meet demand for [[category:Water Supply|piped water]] in 1892, this was due to the hilly nature of the site and the fact that to obtain sufficient water pressure from the existing [[Halton Reservoir]]s would involve opening of some 28 valves and pumping would have to take place 45 minutes from this supply to meet a surge in demand, for example, a fire<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18920102/023/0006}}</ref><br />
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This set of steps leads from beside '[[Pump House|Ye Olde Pump House]]' in [[George Street]] to [[Oak Passage]] and [[Hill Street]].<br />
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There is a bricked up doorway adjacent to the public house that once led to a gents [[Public Convenience|public convenience]].<br />
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|former_names=Bedford Place}}<br />
Was formerly known as Bedford Place and dedicated as such in 1850<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett Volume 4: Chapter XLIV - Hastings 1850#The_Hastings_Commissioners|Vol. 4 Chap. XLIV]]</ref><br />
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On the 17th of January 1903, the {{HSLO}}carried a report on a Town Council meeting which gave details of an extensive programme of renaming and re-numbering roads<ref>{{HSLO|17 January 1903|6}}</ref>:== Renumbering ==<br />
"The Roads Committee had re-considered their report of April last (1902) on the subject of numbering and renumbering certain houses, and also of naming and re-naming certain streets, and recommended that the houses in [[Alma Terrace]], [[Baldslow Road]], [[Battle Road]]. [[Bohemia Road]]. [[Canute Road]], [[Cloudesley Road]], [[Croft Road]], [[De Cham Road]], and [[Dudley Road]], [[East Hill Passage]], [[Ebenezer Road]], [[Edmund Road]], [[Godwin Road]], [[Hollington Old Lane]], [[Laton Road]], [[London Road]], St. Leonards (between [[North Road]] and [[Battle Road]]), [[Percy Road]], [[Perth Road]], [[Priory Road]], and [[Rose Roads]] [[St Helen's Crescent]], [[Saxon Road|Saxon]] ([[:Category:Clive Vale|Clive Vale]]), [[Springfield Road|Springfield]], [[Strood Road|Strood]] and [[Vale Road]]s. [[Victoria Avenue]], [[Waterloo Place]], [[Wellington Cottages]], ([[All Saints Street]]), and [[Woods Passage]] ([[All Saints Street]]), be renumbered as the case may require."<br />
== Renaming ==<br />
"That [[Castle Road]] and [[Castle Hill Road|Castle Hill]] (from bottom of [[Wellington Square]] to the [[West Hill]]) be known as [[Castle Hill Road]]: that [[Park Road]] ([[:Category:Hollington|Hollington]]) be renamed that the portion of the Sedlescombe Road beyond the junction with the road of the [[Battle Road|Battle]] and [[London Road]]s known as [[Sedlescombe Road North]], and the portion south of that point as [[Sedlescombe Road South]]; that [[Union Street]] be included in [[Courthouse Street]]; that the streets at known as [[Wellington]] Road, [[Wellington Street]] and [[Wellington Terrace]] be respectively re-named [[Duke Road]], [[Duke Street]], and [[Duke Terrace]], and the houses respectively numbered or renumbered as required.That [[Albert Road]] ([[:Category:Hollington|Hollington]]) be renamed [[Alberta Road]]: Cross street ([[Queens Road]]) be renamed [[Elford Street]]; Cross Street renamed [[Stevenson Road]]; [[East Street|East street]] (St. Leonards) renamed Eastern Street; Middle-street ([[:Category:Bohemia|Bohemia]]) renamed [[Spring Street]]; North Road ([[:Category:Hollington|Hollington]]) re-named Poole Road; the portion of Park-road, lying west of the road across the Park, re-named [[Upper Park Road]], and the remaining portion [[Lower Park Road]]; St. John's Road ([[Mount Pleasant Road]]) renamed) [[Calvert Road]]; [[Saxon Road]] (St Leonards) be renamed [[Saxon Street]]; [[South Terrace]] (Hastings) be renamed [[Queens Road|Meadow Road]]; (the lower or South Road at [[:Category:Hollington|Hollington]] Park be named [[Hollington Park Road]], and the centre road (i.e. the road between [[:Category:Hollington|Hollington]] Lane and the South Road) be named [[Avondale Road]]: and that Swan Lane ([[High Street]]) be re-named [[Swan Terrace]]<br />
== Discussion ==<br />
Alderman Langham moved the adoption of the report, and said the object was to avoid the duplication of names. Committee had taken a lot of trouble, and had gone very carefully into the whole thing, and the alterations they recommended were made with the desire to prevent confusion. The numbering of houses was also an important matter which required to be looked to from time to time.Councillor Diton seconded.Councillor Hutchings expressed himself as not altogether satisfied with some of the recommendations. He thought the object was not only to prevent duplication of names, but also the doing away with a number of terraces which existed in some roads. The road opposite the [[Halton House]] Estate was an instance. There were several terraces there, and surely it would have been very easy have to have given one name for the whole thoroughfare.<br />
== Pelham Amendments ==<br />
Councillor Pelham moved an amendment as follows:—"That the portion of Sedlescombe Road to the junction of the [[Battle Road|Battle]] and [[London Road]] be henceforth known [[The Green]]; that that portion north of that, to the junction of [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] [[Park Road]], henceforth be known as [[High Street]] [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]; that that portion further north be called Sedlescombe Road as at present, and that the houses and shops accordingly re-numbered." in moving this Councillor Pelham said they had at [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] a rising neighbourhood, a business neighbourhood. That portion the name of which he suggested should be altered to [[High Street]], was composed, for the most part, of shops. He felt sure that it was the unanimous wish of the people at [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] that should make these requests, and that it would give general satisfaction if the Council would grant it. They had High-street at Hastings, but that was a good way off. It would be a great advantage if they would encourage [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] tradesmen by naming that portion " [[High Street]], [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]." It seemed to him an anomaly to begin Sedlescombe Road as at present near the top of [[Maze Hill]], and then go on through to [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]. [[Sedlescombe Road South]] and [[Sedlescombe Road North]] would be such a long mouthful for business people to pronounce, and it would be much better to name the first part of Sedlescombe Road "[[The Green]]" he knew it used to be known "Gingerbread Green." Then they became little more fashionable—as people did in the West and they had St. Leonards Green." They would have [[High Street]], [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]." and then, rightly, " Sedlescombe Road," which led to Sedlescombe.<br />
=== Eaton Refutes ===<br />
Councillor Eaton said there was one [[High Street]] in the borough, and that was quite enough. He did not want anything addressed to Mr. Charles Eaton, [[High Street]], Hastings, to go to [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]. (Laughter, and applause) Councillor Harden, seconding Councillor Pelham's amendment, said that Sedlescombe Road from St. Leonards Green, [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] comprised a superior class of private houses, whereas the other portion chiefly consisted of shops, and it would be most confusing to have the road called [[Sedlescombe Road North]] and [[Sedlescombe Road South]]. He believed the residents in Sedlescombe-road from [[the Green]] to the junction were strongly opposed to that division, and that the occupants of the houses in [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]] likewise objected.<br />
=== Support for report as issued ===<br />
Councillor Bradnam said no one could expect for one moment that the report of a Corporation Committee would be perfect. But he thought the Committee might be congratulated on the excellent report they had made. As the matter had been fully under consideration, he hoped the report of the Committee would not departed from. Any amendment in the matter could not be fairly considered, and if an amendment were adopted that day they might have to regret it afterwards. The matter had been under the consideration of the Committee for a considerable time. He considered it an excellent report, and had much pleasure in supporting it.<br />
=== Further Amendment ===<br />
Councillor Boutwood gave notice of another amendment.Alderman Tuppenney said one of the arguments favour of naming the road [[High Street]], [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]], instead of [[Sedlescombe Road North]] or [[Sedlescombe Road South|South]], was that [[High Street]], [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]], would be shorter, and that the other name was such a mouthful. He failed to see that. He failed to see any reason why the Committee's report should be departed from. It was proposed to name part of the road "[[The Green]]." He believed "[[The Green]]" proper was private property, and they had nothing to do with it; but they had to do with the roads. Since the place was prospering, and buildings had risen, it was proposed to add the words "North" and "South" in order to simplify matters. But it was now proposed to do away with a well-recognised name. He hoped the Committee's report would not be upset.Councillor Cooper, supporting Councillor Pelham, said there was at present a district known as [[The Green]], and he thought it would be appropriate to continue the name to the end of Sedlescombe Road where it joined [[London Road]]. He quite agreed with Councillor Pelham that there should be some distingushing name to that part of [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]. In nearly every other place they would find the business of the town distinguished from the other part. [[High Street]], [[:Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]," weuld be quite sufficient to distinguish it from [[High Street]], Hastings.Councillor Shoesmith hoped they would not have two amendments. If Councillor Pelham could see his way to call the part he wanted to call "[[High Street]]" "The Strand" or " Piccadilly ' —(laughter)— or anything like that, he believed they would be prepared to accept it; but they did not want two High Streets.Councillor Pelham— May I reply? <br/><br />
The Mayor— I cannot hear you, Councillor Pelham; you have moved an amendment, and must stand to it. <br/><br />
Councillor Pelham— I will accept "[[The Green]]" and " Sedlescombe Road." <br/><br />
Mayor—You cannot; get someone else to do it.<br />
=== Voting ===<br />
The voting was then taken as follows:— For Councillor Pelham's amendment, four; against, eighteen. The amendment was lost.<br />
== Boutwood Amendment ==<br />
Councillor Boutwood moved an amendment that the portion of Sedlescombe Road to the junction of the road with Battle and London Roads be henceforth known as "[[The Green]]" and that the portion north of that be known as "Sedlescombe Road" <br/><br />
The Mayor—Have you got it in writing?<br/><br />
Councillor Boutwood replied in the negative.<br/><br />
== Weston Amendment ==<br />
Alderman Weston said there seemed little difference of opinion upon the report, but he thought all agreed with Councillor Bradnam that the Committee had taken great pains in formulating the report. Referring to the suggested alterations in the report. Alderman Weston said he would have thought, however, that the Committee would have found plenty of names in which there could be no chance of inconvenience. He was afraid the same inconveniences as before would arise through the change from [[Saxon Road]] to [[Saxon Street]] and [[East Street]] to [[Eastern Street]]. There were many individuals whose names might be perpetuated. The only name he saw was that of Mr. Elford, who was going to be perpetuated for all time. There were the names of [[Members of Parliament]]- Noble Road, Murray Street, or Shadwell Road, for instance, would have been distinct and appropriate. He moved that report be referred back to Committee for further consideration.<br/><br />
=== Voting ===<br />
The voting was as follows; For Alderman Weston's amendment, 17; against, 19; the amendment was lost.<br />== Boutwood Amendment ==<br />
Councillor Boutwood then put his amendment, remarking that the part which might be called "[[The Green]]" was comprised of residential property; the other part led to Sedlescombe, and might well be called Sedlescombe Road. He thought there was reason and common-sense in the suggestion.The Deputy-Mayor pointed out with reference to Councillor Hutchings' remarks there was no power on the part of the Council to prevent people who built a row of houses calling it a terrace. They might have 30 or 40 terraces on one road. He was not representing the Committee, but for his own personal views did not see much objection to Councillor Boutwood's amendment. As to the other name being "such a mouthful." they had been used to it, and were quite capable of using it; but if they liked they could do as country people did, and call it " Selscomb." (Laughter.)<br />
=== Voting ===<br />
Councillor Boutwood's amendment was carried by 18 votes against 12, and the report adopted as amended."<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}[[Category:Silverhill|Silverhill]]<br />
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[[Category:Civil Engineering]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Bembrook_Farm&diff=111020Bembrook Farm2021-09-02T14:55:47Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>Bembrook Farm was located on the western slopes of the Old Town ([[Bourne Stream|Bourne]]) Valley. Development of the site commenced in the 1930s as part of the [[1930 Slum Clearance]]s, with [[Bembrook Road]] being laid out on a line extending the route of [[Collier Road]], bordered by the track known as 'Invalids Walk' to the south-east.<br />
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[[Category:Farms]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Beech_Farm&diff=111019Beech Farm2021-09-02T14:55:45Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{WIP}}<br />
This farm is believed to be named after the prominent Beech Tree that was reputedly used as a navigation point by sailors far out to sea<ref name="1066online.co.uk">History of in Hastings, East Sussex, UK: [https://www.1066online.co.uk/hastings-history/hollington/ History of Hollington in Hastings, East Sussex, UK], accessdate: 9 January 2020</ref>.Beech Farm formed part of the estate that was settled on the marriage of [[Charles Eversfield (1683-1748)|Charles Eversfield M. P.]] of Denne in Horsham Esq with Mary Duncombe of Guildford Spinster on 16 Jun 1702. In 1717, the East Sussex estate, which was centered on [[The Grove (School)|Grove House]] in and included Beech Farm, was transferred to the trustees appointed under the [[Eversfield Estate]] act of the previous year (the purpose of which was to pay Charles Eversfield's debts), for the benefit of his son [[Charles Eversfield (1708-1784)|Charles Eversfield]]<ref>{{TheKeep|AMS5978}}</ref><br />
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On the 17 Dec 1773 [[Charles Eversfield (1708-1784)|Charles Eversfield]], who in about 1743 had purchased it from Daniel and Martha Eversfield, was admitted to a copyhold tenement of the manor of called [[Broomhill]], by his attorney Thomas Deudney of Hastings yeoman. He immediately surrendered it, together with another copyhold called Hersteddles (2a, rent 4d, late Charles Eversfield his father) to the use of his will.<br />
== Markwick Ownership ==<br />
On Eversfield's death, the property descended to his sister [[Olive Eversfield (1710-1803)|Olive Eversfield]], who was admitted to the copyhold on 22 Aug 1785. Olive's will was proved in PCC by her nephew [[William Markwick (1739-1812)|William Markwick]] of Catsfield on 2 Jun 1804, who was admitted to the copyhold on 9 Sept 1805. On 1 and 2 Feb, 1805 Markwick had re-settled the estate and the abstract contains a description of the farm, then called Loyds Gill, as containing 63 acres and occupied by James StandenMarkwick subsequently changed his name to Eversfield by Royal Licence of 20 May 1807 and his will of 2 Nov 1811 left his estate to his son Charles, subject to the life estate of his wife Mary; neither was admitted to the copyhold. Charles Eversfield's will of 17 Mar 1818 was proved in PCC 21 Jan 1819 and on 25 Oct 1822 his brother, James Eversfield of Catsfield, was admitted to the copyhold by virtue of the remainder in their father's will<br />
== Bowman Ownership ==<br />
On the 7th and 8th of Nov. 1825 Eversfield's executors, the Rev. John Godfrey Thomas of Bodiam, clerk and Charles Wardroper of Seacocks Heath, Etchingham Esq. joined James Eversfield, then of Denne Park, Horsham Esq, to convey the estate to Frederick Bowman of Alie Street Mx, a sugar refiner, and his trustee Skinner Turner of Clapton Esq for £1,418 10s 6d for the freehold and £350 for the copyhold. The farm, occupied by James Standen, is shown on a map on the release which distinguishes freehold and copyhold, and gives field names and acreages; Bowman was admitted to the copyhold portion of the farm (which did not include Hersteddles) on 17 Aug 1826<br />
== Papillon ==<br />
On 19 Jun 1846, [[Thomas Papillon]] of Maydeacon in Kent, Lord of the manor of , enfranchised the copyhold part of the farm for £60 paid by Bowman, described as of Herne Hill in Surrey. Bowman made his will on 26 Apr 1850 and appointed Anthony Brown Esq, chamberlain of the city of London, William Allden of Lloyd Street, Pentonville and William Atkinson of Alie Street, the manager of a sugar refining business owned by Bowman and his son William Bowman, trustees. Provision was made for the continued employment of George Manser, Bowman's bailiff or manager at Beech Farm, until sale. Bowman died 5 Mar 1852, the trustees proved the will in PCC 2 Jun and on 9 Nov 1852 were joined by Bowman's widow Margaret to convey to Nathaniel Cook of Ladbrooke Terrace, Notting Hill Esq for £2,380. The estate was that purchased by Bowman, with the exception of land sold to the trustees of the Battle and Hastings roadOn the 24 Jul 1854 Cooke sold Beech Farm for £2,000 to James Watts of Battle Esq; a schedule lists tithe map numbers, field names, acreages, and the state of cultivationA piece of [[Hoads Wood]], part of the Papillon estate, was conveyed to James Watts for £256 11s on 10 Jul 1857; the conveyance, which carried a plan, is not present but is recited in the abstract==[[High Beech Hotel|High Beech]] House==<br />
On the 28 Nov 1859 Watts conveyed the estate to William Rowe Lewis of St Leonards Esq for £3,600 (12-14). On 31 Jul 1863 Lewis mortgaged the estate, which included the recently erected [[High Beech House]] in which he lived, to William Preston of Liverpool Esq, Charles Edward Flower of Stratford on Avon brewer, James Thornely of Liverpool gent and William Joseph Pike of Wareham, Dorset merchant for £4,500. On 31 Dec 1873 Lewis purchased Further Plot (31p) and Footway Plot (20p), part of Starrs in from the trustees of the Lamb estate for £100. Lewis raised a further sum of £1,663 13s by mortgage on 1 Oct 1875 and on 5 Apr 1876 the mortgage was transferred to Pike, Thornely, Janet Preston Rodick of Acrefield House, Woolton, Lancashire spinster and Charles Bernard Baker of St Albans civil engineerOn the 15 Dec 1884 Lewis, then a colonel in the 3rd brigade of the [[Cinque Ports]] Division of the Royal Artillery, left all his estate by will to his wife Margaret Gibson Lewis. He died 3 Dec 1898, she died 5 Apr 1912 and by her will of 8 Jun 1899, the property passed to her daughter Judith Elizabeth Lewis. On 7 Jul 1904 the mortgages were assigned by the surviving mortgagee to Miss Lewis and her cousin Lieut-col Robert Preston Birkett Rodick, whom Miss Lewis appointed her co-trustee (with her cousin Anna Lilian Pike) by her will of 1 Nov 1907; the will was proved 19 Nov 1912 On 10 Mar 1913 the trustees sold one of the pieces of land purchased in 1873 to Albert Bourner<br />
== Wertheimer ==<br />
Thomas Baker aged 66, coachman at [[High Beech Hotel|High Beech]] since 1865, made a statutory declaration concerning the estate on 30 Jul 1913 which the trustees conveyed to Conway Wertheimer of 21A Portman Square, London barrister for £6,150 on 5 Aug 1913. On 1 Nov 1913 Wertheimer leased a portion of the land (33¾a) to Henry Thomas Simmons of Wychenour, Battle Esq; notice to quit was given 1 Mar 1919<br />
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On 13 Nov 1913 Wertheimer consented to the diversion of a footpath across his land and on 20 Dec concluded a detailed agreement for the supply of electricity to the High Beech by Hastings Borough Council. By a deed poll of 20 Jan 1916 Wertheimer declared his intention to be known as Conway Joseph Conway<br />
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An abstract of Conway's title was drawn in May 1919 and the property soon after conveyed to Mrs Jefferson, from whose executors it was purchased by Mr Savage in 1948<br />
== <br />
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[[Category:Hollington|Hollington]]<br />
[[Category:Hollington|Hollington]]<br />
[[Category:Hollington|Hollington]]<br />
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[[Category:Hollington]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=William_Woolgar_(1801-1864)&diff=111018William Woolgar (1801-1864)2021-09-02T14:54:56Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=William<br />
|middle_names=<br />
|surname=Woolgar<br />
|father=<br />
|mother=<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Wiliam Woolgar<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=1801<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=1864<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=Sarah Ranger (1792-1870)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
|wedding1_day=15<br />
|wedding1_month=2<br />
|wedding1_year=1829<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Born in Eaton, Sussex, William was a [[Woolgar's Smithy|blacksmith]] and [[Blacksmith's Arms|publican]] who kept his premises on the site of today's [[Holy Trinity Church]]<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett_Volume_1:_Chapter_I_-_St_Leonards_1828-1829#6|Vol. 1 Chap. 1 Pg. 6]]</ref>. Married [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Brett's]] mother, [[Sarah Ranger (1792-1870)|Sarah Ranger]] in 1829 following the death of his (Brett's) father, sending Brett off for education at Mr. Neve's school.<br />
[[File:Entry in register for the marriage of Sarah Brett to William Woolgar.jpg|thumb|left|Register entry for William Woolgar's marriage to Sarah Brett (nee Ranger)<ref>[[Helena Wojtczak FRHistS (1958-)]]</ref>]]<br />
{{Showfacts residences<br />
|residence1_address = Mercer's Bank<br />
|residence1_year=1841<br />
|residence2_address = St Andrews Terrace<br />
|residence2_year=1851<br />
}}<br />
The 1841 Census shows William and Sarah's address as being [[Mercer's Bank]], him still working as a blacksmith<ref>UK Census Return 1841</ref>.<br />
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By 1851, William was working as a grocer and living in [[Queens Road|St Andrews Terrace]]<ref>UK Census Return 1851</ref> and 1861 shows he and Sarah lived with two daughters, Elizabeth (28) and Jemima (26); their son James having moved to Henfield, and he having returned to his prior occupation of a blacksmith<ref>UK Census Return 1861</ref>.<br />
{{Showfacts children<br />
|children-g1=James Woolgar (1829-) + Mary Woolgar (1833-1877) + Elizabeth Woolgar (1833-) + Jemima Woolgar (1835-)<br />
}}<br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Margaret_Woods&diff=111017Margaret Woods2021-09-02T14:54:53Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
|short_name=Margaret Woods<br />
|long_name=Margaret Woods<br />
|surname=Woods<br />
|given_name=Margaret<br />
|mother=Mary Woods<br />
|father=George Woods<br />
|sex=Female<br />
}}<br />
[[George Woods (1832-1954)|George Woods]]' daughter who is widely supposed to appear in many of his photographs, a few of which are shown here.<br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Charles_J._Womersley_(1810-1899)&diff=111016Charles J. Womersley (1810-1899)2021-09-02T14:54:52Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Charles<br />
|middle_names=John<br />
|surname=Womersley<br />
|father=<br />
|mother=<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Charles Womersley<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=1810<br />
|death_day=13<br />
|death_month=4<br />
|death_year=1899<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=Caroline (1811-1848) + Ellen Innocent (1887-1911)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
|wedding1_day=<br />
|wedding1_month=<br />
|wedding1_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g2=Yes<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=4<br />
|wedding2_year=1865<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
An upholsterer and councillor, Charles John Womersley lived at 3 & 4 [[York Buildings|York Place]] in 1851 with his wife, Catherine (see below) and their daughter Evelinda (17y), and their five sons; Alfred (13y), William (11y), Henry (9y), Charles (7y) and Beronia (2y)<ref>UK Census 1851</ref>.<br />
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Charles also served on the Board of Guardians during 1869<ref>{{BNA|0000292/18690710/009/0003}}</ref>.<br />
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In 1861, he was resident at 1 [[Harold Place]] with his wife (although her name is given as Katherine), however their youngest child - Benoni is not shown as living with his parents - he would have been 12 at this time - possibly living with a relative elsewhere<ref>UK Census 1861</ref>. He then moved to 6 [[Wellington Square]] by 1881 with a new wife - Eleanor (Ellen Innocent) - also a widower, they having married in 1865<ref>Crisp's Marriage License Index 1865</ref>, and a grand-daughter (Ethel V. Innocent aged 7)<ref>UK Census 1871</ref><br />
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He was instrumental in the setting up of the [[Hastings Omnibus Company]].<br />
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By 1891, he is shown as living at 40 [[Quarry Road]] with Eleanor<ref>UK Census 1891</ref>. At the time of his death, he left an estate valued at £1,250<ref>National Probate Calendar 1899</ref>.<br />
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{{Showfacts children<br />
|children-g1 = Evelinda Womersley (1834-1917)+Alfred D. Womersley (1837-1896)+William Womersley (1839-1911)+Henry Womersley (1842-)+Charles Womersley (1844-1871)+Benoni Womersley (1849-1914)<br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Sarah_Whitear_(1823-1873)&diff=111015Sarah Whitear (1823-1873)2021-09-02T14:54:44Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|short_name=Sarah Whitear<br />
|long_name=Sarah, Countess Waldegrave<br />
|surname=Waldegrave<br />
|given_name=Sarah<br />
|sex=Female<br />
|birth_year=1787<br />
|birth_locality=Hastings<br />
|father=Rev. William Whitear<br />
|joined_with=Edward Milward (1765-1833)+8th Earl Waldegrave<br />
|ifmarried-g1=true<br />
|wedding1_year=1817<br />
|wedding1_month=2<br />
|wedding1_day=16<br />
|wedding1_address=All Soul's Church, London<br />
|ifmarried-g2=true<br />
|wedding2_year=1846<br />
|wedding2_month=12<br />
|wedding2_day=8<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
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<br />
Sarah Whitear, Countess Waldegrave possibly wielded more influence upon mid-19th century Hastings than any other woman. Although she owned a London residence at 4 Harley Street, she was dedicated to Hastings and lived for 55 years in [[Old Hastings House|The Mansion]], [[Old London Road]] (now [[Old Hastings House]]).<br />
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== Personal Life ==<br />
She was born in 1787, the daughter of the Reverend Willliam Whitear, rector of [[St Clements Church]], at [[Hastings Old Town Rectory]], 106 [[High Street]]. At the age of 30, she was married at All Soul’s Church, Langham Place, London, to [[Edward Milward (1765-1833)|Edward Milward Junior]], twenty times [[Hastings Mayors|Mayor]] of Hastings. Such was their social standing that the Bishop of Chichester conducted the service. On Milward’s death in [[Year::1833]] she inherited a life interest in his great wealth, which included the West and East hills, [[Fishponds Farm]], which extended beyond [[:Category:Fairlight Glen|Fairlight Glen]] and the , as well as much property including some at Westfield, Guestling and Pett. Sarah had no children but after 13 years of widowhood she married William, the [[8th Earl Waldegrave (1788-1859)|8th Earl Waldegrave]], who had seven children from a previous marriage. He died in 1859 and Sarah remained a widow for the remainder of her days.<br />
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== Benevolent Acts ==<br />
The Countess is best remembered for laying the foundation stones of at least ten churches, which she also endowed. The first was at [[St Clements Halton]] in [[Date::1838]], for which she donated the church and parsonage, the site, and even the building stone. She founded schools for [[St Clements Church|St Clement’s]] and [[All Saints Church|All Saints’]] parishes and gave both land and funds to build [[Halton School]], and donated £500 for an infants’ school and a house for the mistress. She financed numerous Sunday schools, poor-schools and institutions, and provided wash houses and [[Public Baths|public baths]] in [[Bourne Street]] for the impoverished inhabitants of the .<br />
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She paid for a [[Fisherman’s Institute]] in [[All Saints Street]] and was involved in the [[Hastings Literary and Scientific Institution]]. She bought uniforms and a rifle range at Ecclesbourne for the [[Cinque Ports Volunteers]], and built a Mission House in All Saints’ School yard. She helped negotiate for, and donated £100 to secure, a Public Recreation Ground at [[Central Cricket Ground|Priory Meadow]]. She was a major donor to every appeal for funds for the victims of accidents, and for widows of fishermen lost at sea; indeed, her name is almost always found among the top five contributors. Organisers knew that once her patronage was secured, that of others would follow. Her name also headed a Memorial (i.e. petition) signed only by ladies and submitted to the Commissioners in 1861, opposing the building of an international harbour. Among the signatories’ fears were that an influx of sailors would increase [[Prostitution|prostitution]] and that the streets would no longer be safe for ladies.<br />
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The Countess was a great benefactor, but she enjoyed using her money to manipulate and control people. (She was far from unique in this; recent historians have associated the charitable act with ‘ambition, egotism, a desire for deference, and power-seeking [in] an attempt to create obligations to oneself which will enable one to exercise control over people.’) She compelled people to do things her way by attaching strict conditions to her gifts. When she endowed [[All Saints School]] on the East Hill with £100 in 1835, it was on condition that there were separate girls’ and boys’ entrances. She allowed public access to [[Ecclesbourne Glen]] and then only if no alcoholic beverage was sold there, because ‘numbers of ladies stroll about these heights and frequently without an escort, and it would not do for these gentle creatures to be liable on their return home to the rudeness and swilled insolence of late wassailers on the lonely downs or in the blind mazes of the tangled woods.’<br />
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She was conservative to the point of being a killjoy and used her privileged position to halt or prevent many kinds of revelry, including cricket and dancing parties on the . She once gave orders to close a well-used footpath, though to her annoyance she was forced to reopen it. [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Thomas Brett]] wrote<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett_Volume_2:_Chapter_XVIII_-_Hastings_1837#WestHillPath|Vol. 2 Chapt. XVIII]]</ref>:<br />
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{{Quote|"In Eighteen-Thirty sev’n a path was stopped<br/>Which present writer frequently had hopped,<br/>And which said stoppage he — the right to try <br/>Did all the printed notices defy.<br/>T’was Mrs Milward’s arbitrary act,<br/>Which soon she found it prudent to retract.<br/>If thou wouldst know where this pathway was found<br/>It led from [[West Hill]] mills to [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]."}}<br />
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The Countess disapproved of anything that strayed from her rigid, ultra-conservative point of view: nonconformists, dissenters, radicals, and reformers all received short shrift. She was against the women’s rights movement and strongly opposed votes for women. However, she was deeply interested in educating native Indian women in domesticity and health, and allowed an Easter ‘tabletop sale’ to take place in her drawing room to raise funds for them. At the consecration of [[St John’s Church]], , she gave an impromptu speech against the ‘ritualistic’ – that is, Roman Catholic — practices that were taking place at [[Christ Church St Leonards]], one of the few churches not endowed by her. Whilst visiting a girls’ school in Cumberland in 1867 she lectured them on the evils of ‘loving finery’ and dressing up, warning that their future employers would not like it.<ref>Women of Victorian Hastings' {{ISBNT|1904109020}} {{ISBNT|9781904109020}}</ref><br />
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== List of local Churches benefitting from her support ==<br />
* [[St Clements Halton]] * <small>(1838) </small><br />
* [[Fairlight Church]] * <small>(1845) </small><br />
* [[Holy Trinity Church]] * <small>(1857) </small><br />
* [[Christ Church Ore]] * <small>(1858) </small><br />
* [[St Matthews Church]] * <small>(1860) </small><br />
* [[St Pauls Church]] * <small>(1865) </small><br />
* [[St Johns Church]]<br />
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n.b. * <small>(year) </small> Indicates she laid the foundation stone during this year with a silver trowel which was later acquired by [[Hastings Museum]]<br />
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[[Category:Hollington|Hollington]]<br />
[[Category:Lovers Seat|Lovers Seat]]<br />
[[Category:Old Town|Old Town]]<br />
[[Category:Lovers Seat|Lovers’ Seat]]<br />
[[Category:East Hill|East Hill]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=J_Spree_(1869-1932)&diff=111014J Spree (1869-1932)2021-09-02T14:54:40Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|short_name=J Spree<br />
|long_name=John Henry Spree<br />
|surname=Spree<br />
|given_name=John<br />
|middle_name=Henry<br />
|birth_year=1869<br />
|death_year=1932<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
John Henry Spree (1869-1932) was a railway signalman who lived in the Hastings area and published a limited number of picture postcards using his own photographs of the area, including a spell working for [[Judges Postcards|Judges]] until about 1915.<ref>[http://www.sussexpostcards.info/publishers.php?PubID=262 Sussex Postcards Website]</ref><br />
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Subsequent to this he moved to Nottingham.<ref>[https://www.lentontimes.co.uk/images/gallery/spree_postcards/spree_lenton.htm Lenton Times article on John Spree]</ref><br />
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[[Category:Photographers]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Albert_Shoesmith_(1876-1957)&diff=111013Albert Shoesmith (1876-1957)2021-09-02T14:54:38Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|birth_year=1876<br />
|birth_month=7<br />
|birth_day=22<br />
|birth_locality=St Leonards<br />
|birth_address=21 Alexandra Street<br />
|birth_street=Alexandra Street<br />
|short_name=Albert Shoesmith<br />
|long_name=Albert George Barrett Shoesmith<br />
|surname=Shoesmith<br />
|given_mane=Albert<br />
|middle_name=George Barrett<br />
|father=George Shoesmith (c1851-)<br />
|mother=Matilda Day (c1851-)<br />
|joined_with=Rosina Osborne (-)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=true<br />
|wedding1_year=1899<br />
|wedding1_month=3<br />
|wedding1_day=11<br />
|wedding1_locality=Hastings Registry Office<br />
|skills=Photographer<br />
|residence1=43 Stonefield Road<br />
|residence2=4 Earl Street<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}{{Showfacts biography}}<br />
Both parents had been born in about 1851, George at Bexhill and Matilda at Lechlade in Gloucestershire. They married in 1875 at Battle. The 1891 census records that George had become a church verger, and that he and his family were living at 14 [[Southwater Road]] in Hastings. Albert had left school and was working as a china merchant's apprentice. He had two younger sisters, Lillian, aged 10 and Ellen aged 3, both born at St Leonards.<br />
{{Showfacts siblings via}}<br />
On March 11, 1899, Albert married Rosina Osborne at the Register Office in Hastings. He was still living in St Leonards, but had become a jeweller's assistant. Rosina had been born on February 4, 1881, and was a domestic servant. Her late father, William [[Henry Osborne (1842-)|Henry Osborne]], had been a luggage porter.<br />
{{RN}}{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=F._Rossiter&diff=111012F. Rossiter2021-09-02T14:54:36Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Frederick<br />
|middle_names=<br />
|surname=Rossiter<br />
|father=<br />
|mother=<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Frederick Rossiter<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=1840<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=1919<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|wedding1_day=<br />
|wedding1_month=<br />
|wedding1_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Born in Torquay, F. Rossiter was a 'Dispensing' chemist operating from premises originally in the Old Town, moving to [[Grand Parade]]. Originally appearing to have been trading from 20 [[George Street]] circa 1874<ref>[[Main Post Office|Post Office]] Directory 1874</ref> until 1881<ref>1881 England Census</ref>, living in the premises with his wife and daughter. Frederick Rossiter's name also comes up in connection with being appointed Secretary for the [[Hastings School of Art]] at [[Claremont]], this connection remaining until the 1930s<ref>{{BNA|0000293/19301101/354/0013}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
He was a Mason, joining the Hastings' Derwent Lodge in 1873<ref> United Grand Lodge of England - 1863-1887 - Register of Contributions: Country and Foreign Lodges, 17-150 (1832); 17-128 (1863)</ref><br />
<br />
By 1903 he is appointed as a local secretary for the science examinations by the school board<ref>{{BNA|0000293/19040102/003/0002}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mr. Rossiter also served as a Church Warden for [[St Clements Church]] in the late 19th century<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18820204/015/0003}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
It would appear that a relative took over the practice in the 1910s because there is a J. Rossiter listed at the business address after that time in local newspapers.<br />
<br />
By 1905, he had moved both his business to 9 [[Grand Parade]]<ref>1905 Kelly's directory</ref>, being listed as a widower by 1911 living alone at 33 [[Silchester Road]]<ref>1911 Census return</ref>.<br />
<br />
{{ShowImages}} [[AddressDetail::20;George Street;1874;1905|:20;George Street;1874;1905]]<br />
[[AddressDetail::9;Grand Parade;1905|:9;Grand Parade;1905]]<br />
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[[Category:Pharmacies]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Thomas_Mann_(1816-1903)&diff=111011Thomas Mann (1816-1903)2021-09-02T14:54:25Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|surname=Mann<br />
|given_name=Thomas<br />
|birth_year = 1816<br />
|birth_month=2<br />
|birth_day=7<br />
|death_year=1903<br />
|death_month=3<br />
|death_day=24<br />
|death_address=2 <br />
|death_locality=Gainsborough Villas<br />
|short_name=Thomas Mann<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|remains=[[Hastings Cemetery]]<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
An early occupant of [[Robertson Street]], he built what is now known as No. 20, [[Robertson Street]], moving his business to those premises, and continued there for many years, having for a neighbour Mr. E. Dobell. He also built property in [[Claremont]], [[Robertson Terrace]], and [[Priory Street]]. No. 4, [[Claremont]], where for 21 years he carried on his business, and No. 2, [[Gainsborough Villas]], where he resided for over twenty years, were built by him. At one time Mr. Mann was in partnership with [[Thomas Ross (1810-1881)|Alderman Ross']], father the late Mr. [[Thomas Ross (1775-1843)|Thomas Ross]]<ref name="ho">{{HSLO|28 March 1903|5}}</ref>.<br />
== Early Life ==<br />
He attended [[Parker's School]] in the old town, later becoming apprenticed to Mr Wooll, a carver, gilder and book-binder in the [[High Street]]. On Mr Wooll's emigration to America in 1836, Mr Mann started in business on his own in the [[High Street]] at the age of 20. <ref name="ho"/><br />
<br />
== Personal Life ==<br />
He was married with two children, a son (FJ Mann) and a daughter<ref name="ho"/><br />
(Wife's initial was H)<br />
<br />
== Businesses ==<br />
A move to lower premises in the [[High Street]] at number 70 followed, where Thomas put in the first plate glass shop window in the town. Upon the clearance of the and subsequent construction of [[Robertson Street]], he constructed number 20 to which he moved his business. At one point Mr Mann struck up a partnership with Alderman Ross, father of [[Thomas Ross (1810-1881)|Thomas Ross]]. Mr Mann was evidently successful in business, building a number of properties in the town, among them buildings in [[Claremont]] (1836; used as an art gallery and artist's supplies shop)<ref>{{HSLO|17 October 1936|3}}</ref>, [[Robertson Terrace]] and [[Priory Street]]. He became well known for his picture framing and gilding services, some of his work being in the [[Queens Hotel]] and various large properties in [[Eversfield Place]]. In addition to running his own business, he served on the boards of the [[Queens Hotel]] Company, the Public Hall Company and East Sussex Permanent Benefit Building Society.<ref name="ho"/><br />
<br />
== Art Collection ==<br />
In addition to framing pictures, Thomas built up an extensive collection of artworks, estimated to be the finest collection of artworks in the district valued at several thousands of pounds during the late 19th century and was rated as being a fine judge of art.<ref name="ho"/> There are several advertisements for exhibitions of his collection at his premises in [[Claremont]] and [[Priory Street]], the advertisements often being combined with his antique furniture business based in the Old [[Town Hall]] in the [[High Street]].<br />
<br />
== Funeral and Estate ==<br />
His funeral was held at [[St Peters Church]] on the 30th of March 1903, with him being laid to rest at [[Hastings Cemetery]]<ref>{{HSLO|04 April 1903|2}}</ref><br /><br /><br />
[[AddressDetail::4;Claremont;;| ]]<br />
Details of the estate sale give some idea as to Mr Mann's business acumen<ref>{{HSLO|23 October 1926|8}}</ref>;<br/><br/><br />
''FREEHOLDS''<br />
* [[Claremont]] (first-class shop premises).<br />
* Mount Morrea, 11, [[Priory Avenue]] (with vacant possession).<br />
* Havering, 2, [[Stanley Road]].<br />
* 103, [[Braybrooke Road]] (with vacant possession).<br />
* 19, [[Devonshire Road]].<br />
* 9, 23, 24 and 25, [[Priory Street]].<br />
* 49, [[St Mary's Terrace|St Marys Terrace]].<br />
* 24, [[Quarry Road]].<br />
* St. Wilfrid's, 19, [[Baldslow Road]]<br />
* Digswell 21, [[Baldslow Road]].<br />
* 30, [[Old London Road]].<br />
* 54, [[Vicarage Road]].<br />
''LEASEHOLDS''<br />
* 20 [[Robertson Street]].<br />
* 8, [[Cambridge Mews]].<br />
* [[Roden House]], 88, [[Church Road]]<ref group="Notes">Some images held in the local studies room at Hastings Library give the street number as being 28</ref><br />
* 1, [[Gainsborough Villas]] ([[De Cham Road]]).<br />
* 8, [[Gainsborough Villas]]<br />
* 1, 2 and 3, [[Aldborough Road]].<br />
* 5 and 7. [[Vale Road]].<br />
* 58, [[Southwater Road]].<br />
* Two Freehold Cottages Magham Down. Hailsham<br />
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[[Category:America Ground|America Ground]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Dr._MacCabe&diff=111010Dr. MacCabe2021-09-02T14:54:23Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Peter<br />
|middle_names=Francis<br />
|surname=MacCabe<br />
|father=<br />
|mother=<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Dr. MacCabe<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|wedding1_day=<br />
|wedding1_month=<br />
|wedding1_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Dr. Peter Francis MacCabe was a surgeon resident in Hastings, with his surgery listed as being at 43 [[Wellington Square]] during the early 1800s<ref name="el"/>. He was quite widely published and a figure of some repute within the town from the regularity his name appears in relation to reports of society meetings etc. [[Hastings Mayors|Mayor]] of the town in 1838 and 1843. Between 1859 and the 1861 census, he was recorded as living at Mill Hill Lodge on the West Hill aged 63 with three servants<ref>UK Census 1861</ref><ref>[[Main Post Office|Post Office]] Directory of Sussex 1859</ref>, having moved from Hawkhurst sometime between 1856 and 1859<ref name="el">Electoral Register 1856</ref><br />
===Clean Water supplies===<br />
A plaque next to [[Dr McCabe's Well]] reads:"Peter McCabe, an Irish physician based in [[Wellington Square]], was mayor of Hastings in 1838 and 1843. A committed campaigner for clean water- he constructed both this spring and the [[East Well|East Hill public well]] at the foot of the cliffs at [[Rock-a-Nore Road]]."<br />
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{{footer}}[[AddressDetail::43;Wellington Square;1856;1861;| ]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=John_Kenwood_(1823-1868)&diff=111009John Kenwood (1823-1868)2021-09-02T14:54:17Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=John<br />
|middle_names=<br />
|surname=Kenwood<br />
|father=Charles Kenwood (1795-1825)<br />
|mother=Anne Boucher (1789-1834)<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=John Kenwood<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=<br />
|image=John Kenwood.jpg<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=Isabel Holmes (1825-1875)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
|wedding1_day=25<br />
|wedding1_month=4<br />
|wedding1_year=1850<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/6977497/person/-1190089241/facts<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Born in Devon, but moving to 5 [[Wellington Terrace]] following his marriage in 1841John Kenwood was a builder who would appear to have built up quite a property portfolio during his life. Following his death in Ticehurst in 1868 the following properties were placed up for auction in 1875<ref>{{BNA|0002112/18750330/004/0001}}</ref>. [[Charles Eversfield (1822-1886)|Charles Eversfield]] was listed as the freeholder.<br />
<poem><br />
[[Belton Villas]]<br />
[[Devonshire House]]<br />
[[Eden Villa]]<br />
[[Francisco Villa]]<br />
[[Friedenfels Home]]<br />
[[Hamilton House]]<br />
[[Mountfield]]<br />
[[South Sheen]]<br />
[[St Alban's Villa]]<br />
39 [[Warrior Square]]<br />
102 [[Marina]]<br />
12 [[St Margaret's Road|St Margarets Place]]<br />
1-6,13-14 [[Markwick Terrace]]<br />
4 & 5 [[Kings Road|Gensing Station Road]]<br />
15 [[Western Road]]<br />
16 [[Station Road]]<br />
18-22 [[Magdalen Road]]<br />
[[The Wooden Cottage]]<br />
</poem><br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Walter_Inskipp_(1795-1855)&diff=111008Walter Inskipp (1795-1855)2021-09-02T14:54:15Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|surname=Inskipp<br />
|given_name=Walter<br />
|short_name=Walter Inskipp<br />
|father=James Inskipp (1766-1850)<br />
|mother=Mary<br />
|birth_year=1795<br />
|birth_month=3<br />
|birth_day=11<br />
|joined_with=Elizabeth Ellis (1802-1875)<br />
|if_married-g1=True<br />
|wedding1_year=1828<br />
|wedding1_month=5<br />
|wedding1_day=27<br />
|death_year=1855<br />
|death_month=8<br />
|death_day=17<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Walter Inskipp was a local architect<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett_Volume_3:_Chapter_XXVII_-_St._Leonards_1842#Archery_Meetings_-_New_Venture_in_Journalism_-_Sale_of_Martello_Towers|Vol. 3 Chap. 27]]</ref> and surveyor. Little has been discovered about his early life other than his marriage to Elizabeth Ellis in 1828, but in 1831, he was listed as a surveyor at 55 [[George Street]] in connection with the letting of [[Hastings House]]<ref>{{BNA|0000938/18310414/016/0001}}</ref> and again in 1837<ref name="let2">{{BNA|0000174/18390503/002/0001}}</ref>. In 1834, he is listed as the architect in a request for tenders to construct a new road over the [[Gensing Farm]] running from 'The Warriors Gate to the Hollington Road' - now [[London Road]]<ref>{{BNA|0000256/18340210/021/0001}}</ref>. 1837 sees him listed as surveyor for the 'Magdalen Estate' overseeing plans to divert a footpath from [[Cuckoo Hill]] to 'The Hollington Road' - the latter being modern-day [[Battle Road]]<ref>{{BNA|0000256/18370821/033/0001}}</ref>. Both this and the later letting of Hastings House<ref name="let2"/> have his address as being [[London Road]], although a house number/name is not given.<br />
<br />
During 1841, he is listed as the owner of 10 [[Grand Parade]] (numbers 1 to 12 having been designed by him in 1831, construction being completed in 1832, and originally named 'Adelaide Place'<ref>{{BNA|0000293/19050325/240/0006}} - T. B. Brett</ref>and living in [[London Road]]<ref>Electoral Register 1842, Hastings Polling District; No 5467</ref>), with a retrospective by [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Brett]] stating that he was resident at '[[South Saxon Hotel|Saxon House]]', Grand Parade, the ground floor of which was a booking office for the London and Brighton coaches - although Brett gives the number as 16. This may be correct - Brett not giving any exact date for this<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18780720/023/0005}}</ref>. In 1842, he was fined 10s. for leaving a jury assembled for the Hastings Quarter Sessions<ref>{{BNA|0000256/18421101/009/0002}}</ref>, again being a member of a jury in 1854, although this time it would appear he stayed in court for the proceedings<ref>{{BNA|0000257/18540117/022/0005}}</ref>. He constructed numbers 1 and 3 [[Warrior Square]] in 1845<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXIII - St. Leonards 1845|Vol. 3 Chap 33]]</ref>, although it is uncertain as to whether he resided in either of these properties. In addition to the various construction projects previously listed, Walter designed a number of reservoirs around the town<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18770908/029/0006}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later, in 1851 he is listed as being at [[Cliff Cottages]], 3 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]] in 1851<ref>Post Office Directory 1851</ref><ref>UK Census 1851</ref>(now [[Eversfield Place]]). Walter passed away on the 17th of August 1855<ref>{{BNA|0000235/18550828/068/0005}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
{{Showfacts children<br />
|children-g1=Alice Inskipp (1828-1877)+Janett Inskipp (1831-1883)+Charlotte Inskipp (1833-1868)+Mary Inskipp (1835-1902)+Elizabeth Inskipp (1838-1896)+Rosabel Inskipp (1845-)<br />
|source-g1=[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/23807571/person/332056926126/facts Ancestry]<br />
}}<br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Edward_Hide_(1813-1887)&diff=111007Edward Hide (1813-1887)2021-09-02T14:54:13Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|birth_year=1813<br />
|death_year=1887<br />
|short_name=Edward Hide<br />
|surname=Hide<br />
|given_name=Edward<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Edward Hide was born at 81 [[All Saints Street]], making his occupation since aged about 15 as one of two letter-carriers or [[main Post Office|postmen]] in the town. He died 1887 at 50 [[All Saints Street]], having never been absent from home for more than three weeks and that was only once, normally only being absent for a maximum of a day, if that.<ref>{{BNA/Output|0000293|18870514|036|0007}}</ref> Upon his retirement he was presented with a public address and twenty guineas<ref>{{BNA/Output|0000293|18870611|042|0007}}</ref><br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=John_Alton_Hatchard_(1815-1893)&diff=111006John Alton Hatchard (1815-1893)2021-09-02T14:54:11Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=John<br />
|middle_names=Alton<br />
|surname=Hatchard<br />
|father=<br />
|mother=<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Rev. J. A. Hatchard<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=1815<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=1893<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=<br />
|ifmarried-g1=No<br />
|wedding1_day=<br />
|wedding1_month=<br />
|wedding1_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
Born in 1815 in Shropshire, the son of the Rev John Hatchard (1793-1869) and grandson of John Hatchard, a London bookseller, Hatchard was ordained in 1841. In 1853 he became perpetual curate of [[St. Leonards Church|St Leonards]], but resigned this post in 1856, having bought a number of houses in [[Marina]] using money from his wife's inheritance. He was opposed to the construction of [[St Leonards Pier]], believing it would 'cheapen' the town in a similar way to Hastings. Best known for authoring 'Romanism Overthrown by Wellington', a sermon preached on the death of the Duke of Wellington in 1852<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_AMS6417_6}}</ref><br />
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{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=James_Emary&diff=111005James Emary2021-09-02T14:54:01Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=James<br />
|middle_names=<br />
|surname=Emary<br />
|father=James Emary (1785-1853)<br />
|mother=Susan Barling (1785-1869)<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=James Emary<br />
|birth_day=<br />
|birth_month=<br />
|birth_year=1815<br />
|death_day=<br />
|death_month=<br />
|death_year=<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=Jane Elizabeth (1813-)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
|wedding1_day=<br />
|wedding1_month=7<br />
|wedding1_year=1844<br />
|ifmarried-g2=No<br />
|wedding2_day=<br />
|wedding2_month=<br />
|wedding2_year=<br />
|ifmarried-g3=No<br />
|wedding3_day=<br />
|wedding3_month=<br />
|wedding3_year=<br />
|sources=<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
}}<br />
James Emary appears to have made something of a career managing various hotels and hostelries around the town, including but not necessarily limited to:<br />
[[Royal Albion Pub|Royal Albion Inn]], [[Castle Hotel]] & [[Swan Hotel]]. He was a councillor by 1848<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XL - Hastings 1848#317|Vol. 3 Chap. 40]]</ref>, and [[Hastings Mayors|Mayor]] of Hastings in 1850<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett Volume 4: Chapter XLIV - Hastings 1850#The_Municipal_Elections|Vol. 4 Chap. 44]]</ref>.<br />
{{Showfacts children<br />
|children-g1=Louis Fanny Emary (1847-)+ Jane Emary (1849-)<br />
}}<br />
{{footer}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Samuel_Duke_(1814-1889)&diff=111004Samuel Duke (1814-1889)2021-09-02T14:53:57Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|globals={{Get globals}}<br />
|short_name=Samuel Duke<br />
|surname=Duke<br />
|given_name=Samuel<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|birth_year=1814<br />
|birth_month=1<br />
|birth_day=28<br />
|birth_locality=Eastbourne<br />
|death_year=1889<br />
|death_month=11<br />
|death_day=20<br />
}}<br />
<br />
THE LATE MR. SAMUEL DUKE. AN INTERESTING CAREER. SOME REMINISCENCES OF [[Category:Old Town|OLD HASTINGS]].<br/><br/>Mr. Samuel Duke, whose death from syncope, brought on by an old standing affection of the lungs, took place on Tuesday, was born at Eastbourne on the 28th January, 1814, and came to Hastings with his parents when only three years old.<br />
<br />
He could well remember when the Old Town (then the only town) extended but to [[George Street]], and the only Parade was that stretching from the Old [[White Rock Battery|Battery]] (near the [[Lifeboat House]]) to the spot on which now stands [[Beach Cottages]], but where, at that time, existed what was called the [[Condemned Hole|Black Hole]], in which any of the smugglers' boats which were captured by the Preventive men were placed, and ultimately sawn in halves.<br />
<br />
He often remarked how he used to cross the old [[Priory Bridge]] over the stream where the [[Albert Memorial|Memorial]] now stands, to get to what was then called the [[:Category:America Ground|American Grounds]], where [[Robertson Street]] now is, and which was then covered with lot of little huts, occupied by a very rough class of people. The deceased gentleman could also recall the time when the rock stood out at [[White Rock|White Rock Place]], with the form of a head and bust, which was then called [[King George's Head]].<br />
<br />
Then there was a pathway up to the top of the hill, for at that time the sea used to wash against the base of the rock when was high water, and there was no St. Leonards in those days. It was not even thought of, said Mr. Duke. Again, where [[Cambridge Gardens]] and [[Cornwallis Gardens]] now stand was a field called [[Step Meadow]], leading across to the old [[Priory Farm]]. Where [[Warrior Square]] and [[Wellington Square]] now stand were [[Lime Kilns|lime kilns]], and the site of Messrs. [[Metcalf and Son]]'s fine suite of shops was a ship builder's yard.<br />
<br />
Mr. Duke also remembered well the finding of the [[St Clements Caves]], which were discovered by someone having an arbour cut out of the sandstone. All these, and many more things, Mr. Duke used to remark upon, and also the fun and excitement of a trip to London in one of the old coaches, starting either from the [[Crown]] Yard in [[All Saints Street]], or the [[Swan Hotel]], [[High Street]].<br />
<br />
He was married in 1837 to Mary Ann Chaillé (a decendant of the Chaillé family), whose estate, named Chaillévoit, was situated near Paris, but in 1703 the family had to flee their native country owing to the persecution which followed the revocation of the Edicts of Nantes, and settled in England that year.<br />
<br />
Shortly after his marriage Mr. Duke left Hastings for Northampton, where he remained in business several years, but in 1854 he decided to go to Australia, where he resided for thirteen years. He often talked of his trip in the first train that ever ran in Queensland, over a railway for which [[Lord Brassey]]'s father was the contractor. The firm held their offices in Mr. Duke's house at Ipswich, under the title of Peto, Brassey and Bates.<br />
<br />
He had many adventures in Australia, too numerous to mention here. He unfortunately lost his wife there on the 7th October, 1866, after which he returned to England in 1867, and was shortly afterwards appointed to the Secretaryship of the [[Hastings and St. Leonards Trade Protection Society]]. His energy and perseverance in that office are well known. Mr. Duke's death came at last very suddenly. He had been ailing for about fortnight, but neither the doctor nor any of the family anticipated anything serious, and when he died he seemed merely to go off into a sleep.<br />
<br />
Recently his second wife (he had married again) died, and since that time he has had his daughter, Mrs. Larcombe who had lately come to Hastings from Swansea, in South Wales residing with him. He leaves only one son behind him in Hastings, viz., Mr. [[John H. Duke]], of the firm of [[Duke and Larcombe]], who has also succeeded his father as secretary of the Trade Protection Society, his other sons being abroad.<br />
<br />
One is Second Commander in the Argentine Navy, and another a schoolmaster in Australia. His mother only died as recently as 1883, at the advanced age of 94. Mr. Samuel Duke was the last of the old generation of the Dukes who so long lived and carried on business in [[High Street]]. It will be remembered that his brother, Mr. Charles Duke, of [[Wellington Place]], died about twelve months ago, and was buried at the [[Hastings Cemetery|Cemetery]].<br />
<br />
Source: Hastings and St Leonards Observer - Saturday 23 November 1889 pg.7<br />
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[[Category:Personal History]]<br />
[[Category:Research Sources]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Thomas_Brandon_Brett_(1816-1906)&diff=111003Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)2021-09-02T14:53:33Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person<br />
|given_name=Thomas<br />
|middle_names=<br />
|surname=Brett<br />
|father=Thomas Brett (1788-1826)<br />
|mother=Sarah Ranger (1792-1870)<br />
|sex=Male<br />
|short_name=Thomas Brett<br />
|birth_day=30<br />
|birth_month=5<br />
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|death_year=1906<br />
|image=T B Brett.png<br />
|image_caption=<br />
|joined_with=Celia Barden (1821-1900)<br />
|ifmarried-g1=Yes<br />
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|wedding1_year=1844<br />
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Brett was born in [[George Street]], Hastings in 1816, his father being a blacksmith who was found dead by Thomas<ref name="hslo1">{{HSLO|14 October 1893|6}}</ref><ref>{{BNA|0000256/18261204/009/0003}}</ref><ref group="Notes">There was another Thomas Brett/Britt who was born in the same year as TBB's father, so there is a small element of doubt as to the finder's identity.</ref> in a [[Fishing Boat|fishing boat]] during 1826, the cause of death being arsenic poisoning<ref>{{BNA|0000256/18261204/009/0003}}</ref><ref name="hslo12">{{BNA|0000293/18931014/036/0006}}</ref>. Thomas would have been aged ten at this time, and it is possible this, and having to act as the support of his widowed mother, helping in the house and the care of his siblings when his mother worked ironing clothes shaped his later life. Upon his mother's marriage, to a [[Woolgar's Smithy|William Woolgar]] in 1828, he was sent to school at Mr. Neve's in [[Bourne Street]]<ref name="hslo1"/>. In total he had only a year and a half of schooling before leaving to assist his stepfather as a builder.<br />
[[File:Entry in register for the marriage of Sarah Brett to William Woolgar.jpg|thumb|left|Register entry for [[William Woolgar (1801-1864)|William Woolgar]]'s marriage to Brett's mother<ref>[[Helena Wojtczak FRHistS (1958-)]]</ref>]]<br />
In 1831 he worked as an errand boy in [[Inskipp's]] draper's shop near the [[Fishmarket]] for 3½ years at 4s. a week<ref name="hslo1"/>, the hours of business being from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. and often later. In his dinner hour he would then run home to help the men in the [[:Category:America_Ground#Occupation_by_Itinerants|smithy]]. He learned to mend and make his own clothes from Mr Inskipp, becoming an apprentice in the trade<ref name="hslo1"/>. During the cold winter of 1833 he began to write poetry and started to study music. He left this occupation after a bad bout of influenza in 1837.<ref name="hslo1"/> Due to the loss of a child who died as a result of a medical complaint that two of his other children survived - the deceased child being the only one who was treated by doctors, Brett developed a deep distrust for members of the medical profession<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXIX - St. Leonards 1848#314|Vol. 3 Chap. 39]]</ref> and it was only during his illness leading to his death that he finally relented and permitted a doctor to examine him<ref name="hoobit">{{HSLO|7 April 1906|3}}</ref>. In addition to this, during the debates concerning vaccination against Small-pox in 1856, Brett was a vociferous anti-vaxxer to utilise modern terminology, going so far as to devote several pages in his History and preparing a booklet for publication on the subject<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 6: Chapter LV - St. Leonards 1856#20|Vol. 6 Chap. {{Roman-to-arabic|LV}}]]</ref><br />
== Postmaster ==<br />
Between 1837 and 1839 he worked in the [[main Post Office|post office]] in [[George Street]], rising at 4.20 a.m. to take in the mail and working there till 10.30 at night. His account of this under the title of 'The Postman' presents a useful reference work about postal history via the medium of prose. The kindly old postmaster of the time, Mr. Woods, taught him to knit shawls and make tables and chairs. He had a tool chest at that time containing a hammer, a chisel without a handle, a broken carving knife, an old plane and a gimlet.<br />
== School Master ==<br />
In 1839 he set out for America, but the weather was bad<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett_Volume_2:_Chapter_XXI_-_St._Leonards_1839#Terrific_Storms.3B_the_Writer_on_board_an_Emigrant_Ship|Vol. 2 Chap. 21]]</ref>; some sacks of flour stored onboard the ship fell on him and damaged his spine, and so returned to Hastings. Upon his return, he found that his previous occupation with the Postal Service had been filled, so found premises in Ore and set up a school. This was resisted by the Rev. Dr. Fearon, who had a 'protege' of his already installed as a teacher within the parish, under the pretext that Brett as a Wesleyan was unfit to teach, leading all of his pupils to be withdrawn<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett Volume 2: Chapter XXIII - St. Leonards 1840#225|Vol. 2 Chap. 23]]</ref>. Later, in autumn he started a small school on his own at [[Market Terrace]] near the [[St Leonards Archway]]<ref name="hslo1"/>. By all accounts, he was an enthusiastic teacher preferring to motivate the boys rather than utilising disciplinary measures, and for a time was requested to take charge of the [[National School]], which he ran concurrently with his own school.<br />
== Music ==<br />
Around 1840 started a new chapter of his life, a more public one; he established the first brass band in the town<ref name="hso1"/><ref>[[Brett Volume 4: Chapter XLIII - St. Leonards 1850#20|Brett's St Leonards Band]]</ref> to play on the Parade in the evenings and on holidays, as well as a string band<ref name="b1844"/> much in demand for soirees and entertainments. In addition to performing with various local bands including the [[St. Leonards Quadrille Band]], he also composed music, producing around 100 compositions<ref name="fohc1"> [https://friendsofhastingscemetery.org.uk/bretttb4.html Brett,Thomas Brandon, p.4], accessdate: 19 February 2020</ref>. Brett also gave bi-weekly dancing lessons in a schoolroom at 69 [[Norman Road]], the building actually being numbered 14 Norman Road during this period (1844)<ref name="b1844">Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXIII - St. Leonards 1845#278|Vol. 3 Chap. 23]]</ref> In Brett's histories, he relates that he could play violin, flute, accordion and guitar, together with presumably a brass instrument. He continued in this role, as a performer, composer and tutor for until around 1854, when he embarked on his journalistic career, although there was evidently some overlap; for [[Brett's Brass Band]] is mentioned in his histories in 1856<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 6: Chapter LVI - Hastings 1856#58|Vol. 6 Chap. 56]]</ref>.<br />
<br />
== Marriage ==<br />
On January the 25th, 1844 he married [[Celia Barden (1821-1900)|Celia Barden]] at Winchelsea Church.<ref name="hslo1"/><ref name="freecen1">UK Census Records (England, Scotland, Wales): [https://www.freecen.org.uk/search_records/5904cc10e9379091b1d34575/thomas-b-brett-1851-sussex-hastings-1817-?locale=en FreeCEN - UK Census Records (England, Scotland, Wales)], accessdate: 23 January 2020</ref><ref name="org.uk-Friends"> [https://friendsofhastingscemetery.org.uk/bretttb.html Brett, Thomas Brandon], accessdate: 19 February 2020</ref>. This was honoured by an appearance of the "Rough Band" who produced as much cacophony as possible utilising an assortments of instruments and implements, it being a local tradition that this would be kept up until a tip was forfeited. Brett recorded that he paid up almost immmediately and was rewarded by a rendition of "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow", after which the band-members adjourned to a public house, from which, later, a log was thrown into Brett's house which he kept as a memento for a number of years.<ref>[[Brett Manuscript Histories]] [[Brett_Volume_3:_Chapter_XXXI_-_St._Leonards_1844#Unpardonable_Political_Sin_-_Vessels_Wrecked_-_Obituaries|Vol. 3 Chap. 31]]</ref><br />
In 1848, with Philip Hook, he helped to establish the [[St Leonards Mechanics Institute]], being elected treasurer in 1853, a position which, with that of president from 1888 he held for very many years.<br />
{{Showfacts children<br />
|short_name=T. B. Brett<br />
|children-g1=Clarence Adolphus Brett (1846-1847)+Catherine M. Brett (c1848-)+Amelia A Brett (c1850-)+Rowland Brandon Brett (c1853-)+Arthur Brandon Brett (c1859-)+Adolphus Brandon Brett (1861-1887)+Herbert Brandon Brett (1865-)<br />
}}<br />
In addition to Clarence dying as an infant<ref name="EWCWD">England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1847</ref>, his diaries state that he lost other children aged six, nine and twenty-six years old. Rowland and Herbert are the only children who survived their father<ref>Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXIX - St. Leonards 1848#More extracts from a local diary|Vol. 3 Chap. 39]]</ref><br />
[[AddressDetail::Royal Blue House;Norman Road;1851;1906| ]]<br />
<br />
==Draper & Stationer==<br />
By the time of the 1851 census, he was recorded as being occupied as a Draper & Stationer living at 17 [[Norman Road|Norman Road West]] with his wife and two daughters, [[Catherine M. Brett (c1848-)|Catherine]] and [[Amelia A Brett (c1850-)|Amelia]]<ref name="freecen1"/>, then at [[Royal Blue House]], 28 [[Norman Road|Norman Road West]] with his two sons ( [[Rowland Brandon Brett (c1853-)|Rowland]] and [[Arthur Brandon Brett (c1859-)|Arthur]]) with the aforementioned daughters and also an assistant printer/compositor, William Hayward at the time of the 1861 census<ref>[https://www.freecen.org.uk/search_records/59a39fb7f4040be6b14dbfe4|title=FreeCEN -Scottish General Register Office: 1861 Census Returns database]</ref><br />
<br />
== Newspapers ==<br />
He had a great reverence for the power of the press, and acted as correspondent for the Sussex Advertiser from 1839. Then in 1854 he bought his own printing press and started producing The [[Penny Press]] as a monthly. The following year he commenced printing the [[St Leonards and Hastings Gazette]] from his address at 28 [[Norman Road]] West, managed entirely by himself. He could be seen in the mornings running up and down the steps of the leading lodging houses, collecting the names of the visitors for the 'Fashionable Arrivals' columns in the paper; later in the day he would compose his leaders, often setting up the type as he thought out the subject. He also took part in the actual machine work of printing, and finally helped to deliver copies of the papers to his subscribers.<br />
<br />
To gain some insight into his character, it might be mentioned that the man he employed from London to teach him printing for a month said at the end of that time: "I have been thinking over the mistakes of my past life and the money I have squandered. Your energy and perseverance have impressed me so much that I am determined to reform for the future ". He returned to London and kept his word.<br />
<br />
In his [[History of the Hastings Newspapers]], written c1903, Brett recalled: “From the age of ten (after my father’s sudden death [in 1826] with no provision for his family), I had laboured on an average of 18 hours a day, successfully - and sometimes coevally [simultaneously] - at domestic work, bakery, blacksmithing, drapery, [[main Post Office|post office]] duties, tailoring, music and private teaching; also as band-master, dancing-master, pedagogue, amateur architect and correspondent of county newspapers. I had also in the course of that 29 years [before launching the Gazette in 1855] made myself acquainted with the mechanical pursuits of painting, glazing, carpentering, paper-hanging and even bricklaying. But before I started a newspaper, I knew nothing of printing.”<ref>[[Steve Peak]] - Brett biography (via email)</ref><br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Although being a quite outspoken Liberal, Brett was invited to stand for the town council on numerous occasions, but he invariably refused, saying: " I am too independent in politics, and too poor in pocket". He was also an advocate for the Temperance Movement throughout his life, although not outspoken as many were.<ref name="hoobit"/><br />
<br />
==Later Life==<br />
On the occasion of his Golden wedding he was presented with an illuminated address and a sum of 100 guineas by his fellow townsmen, with a further 100 guineas donated by his nephew from New Zealand<ref name=hso1>{{HSLO|27 January 1894|7}}</ref>. The ceremony was held in the [[St Leonards Mechanics Institute]] in [[Norman Road]], which he had co-founded with Mr. P. Hook, and was attended by a large number of people of all backgrounds. <br />
<br />
[[File:Brett Compiling History c1902.jpg|thumb|left|Brett compiling his manuscript histories circa 1902]]<br />
The illuminated address, which was executed by Mr. Butler, of St. Leonards bore the following inscription :— {{Quote|"To Mr. Thomas B. Brett.—We, inhabitants of Hastings and St. Leonards, in memorial of your golden wedding, beg your acceptance of the accompanying purse of two hundred guineas as a slight token of respect and of our appreciation of your long continued services to your fellow townsmen. Of the many benefits you have conferred on us we would particularise two : the foundation of that useful institution, the [[St Leonards Mechanics Institute]],and the establishment of that inexhaustible reservoir of local information, the [[St Leonards and Hastings Gazette]], in which for forty years there has been a continuous supply of antiquarian lore regarding our old Cinque Port, of full and minute records of the Hastings of your boyhood,and the complete story of St Leonards from its foundation. But we admire most the example you have set in a well-spent life, during which hardships have been patiently endured, self-denial has been constant practice, and unceasing difficulties have been overcome unparalleled toil and perseverance. We offer our hearty congratulations to you and Mrs. Brett on this anniversary of your marriage at Winchelsea 60 years ago, and fervently pray that the Almighty may have many blessings in store for both of you.—Signed on behalf of 270 subscribers.—B. H. W. Tree, Mayor; [[John W. Tottenham (1827-1904)|J. W. Tottenham]], treasurer; A. R. Croucher, ex-Mayor, chairman; S. E. Davis"}}<br />
<br />
It was hoped on this occasion that his manuscripts would one day be published, an omission which this Wiki is hoping to rectify.<br />
== Historian ==<br />
Brett authored the ''[[:Category:Manuscript Histories|Bretts Manuscript History of Hastings and St Leonards]]'', which he commenced writing at the age of 82 based upon columns in his paper and notes made during his life which is available at the local studies section of Hastings Library ({{LibBk|2279644}}). Other works are his ''Historico Biographies'' and a number of works in prose and print under various pseudonyms including ''The Postman'' and ''[[Category:St. Leonardensis|St Leonardensis]]''. An index and transcription of the manuscripts are on this wiki at [[:Category:Manuscript Histories|Manuscript Histories]]<br />
<br />
==1891 Census==<br />
At the time of the 1891 Census, he was living at 66 [[Norman Road]] (possibly the same address as that of the 1851 census due to the roads merging) with his wife, grand-daughter [[Annie Kirby (c1878-)]] and a servant <ref>[https://www.freecen.org.uk/search_records/590526f5e9379091b1215e8e|title=FreeCEN -Scottish General Register Office: 1891 Census Returns database]</ref>.<br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
He died on April 4th, 1906, in his 90th year, leaving £414 6s 8d to his son Rowland Brandon Brett. His grave, shared with his wife, Celia, is located at [[Hastings Cemetery]], although the headstone has been laid flat.<br />
[[File:Celia & Thomas Brett's Headstone.jpg|thumb|left|Celia & Thomas Brett's grave]]<br />
<br />
==Obituary==<br />
His obituary read<ref name="obit">{{BNA|0000293/19060407/077/0003}}</ref>:-<br />
<br />
Mr Thomas Brandon Brett, a veteran Sussex journalist, died at St. Leonards early in April last, within a few weeks of his ninetieth year. He was the father of Mr R. B. Brett, London manager of the New Zealand Press Agency, and the uncle of Mr. Henry Brett, of the Auckland Star. [Later knighted for his services to New Zealand journalism; he had married a childhood friend from Westfield.] The deceased journalist was at one time a schoolmaster. Sixty years ago he started a newspaper of his own in St. Leonards, and was closely connected with Sussex journalism till his death. It was his boast that since he was ten years old he worked eighteen hours a day.<br />
<br />
OLDEST LOCAL JOURNALIST PASSES AWAY IN HIS NINETIETH YEAR<br />
<br />
THE STORY OF A WELL-SPENT LIFE<br />
<br />
Hastings has lost its oldest journalist and veteran local historian. Mr Thomas Brandon Brett passed peacefully into that bourne from which no traveller ever returns at 5.45 on Wednesday evening, at his residence in [[Norman Road]], St Leonards.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett would have been ninety years of age in May next. He retained his vitality in a surprising degree. It was only last Sunday morning that he took to his bed, and even then he insisted on getting up again at eleven o'clock, and remaining up till seven. The cause of death was senile decay. He was conscious almost to the last, talked quite rationally, and ate well. On Wednesday afternoon he took his medicine and afterwards ate some grapes. He passed away in his sleep.<br />
<br />
As most of his acquaintances know, Mr Brett had strong opinions on the subject of doctoring, and seldom allowed any member of the medical faculty to prescribe for him. He was, however, willing that Dr Scarlyn Wilson (for whose late father he had a great esteem) should attend him in the illness which proved to be his last.<br />
<br />
It was characteristic of Mr Brett's untiring energy that during his last illness he attempted to revise the proof of a long article on Anti-Vaccination, as affected by the General Election of 1906, which he had sent to the Observer only a few days before. The article extended to between six and seven columns, and the Editor, being unable to find space for such a long contribution, suggested to Mr Brett that it should be reduced to two columns, and this was the last literary task the veteran writer attempted — a task, alas! which was not completed.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett's intellect was keen up to the very end, and his memory did not seem to fail in the least, although of late years he had been handicapped by deafness. His physical powers were extraordinary. A fortnight ago he was up at five o'clock in the morning. About two months ago he walked as far as [[George Street]]. During his last illness he asked for writing materials. His calligraphy remained singularly firm and legible to the end. He was, as an intimate friend says, "methodical without method". His immense collection of books and papers would have bewildered anyone with a less retentive memory. Yet without troubling to arrange these carefully, he would go at any moment and find the particular item which he wanted for reference.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett was born on the 30th May 1816. It was his pardonable boast that since he was ten years old he worked eighteen hours a day. Those who only knew him as a painstaking journalist, a local historian, with a marvellous memory for details, and a poet with an ability for stringing Hastings names together in a way which "J.J.B." might envy, will be surprised to hear that he has also been blacksmith, draper, schoolmaster, postman, cabinet maker, band conductor, composer, printer, and astronomer. In the old days of the [[St Leonards Gazette]] he was a stickler for pure English. In this connection, when an Observer representative last visited Mr Brett (to obtain some information on the Corporation Maces), the old gentleman recalled an argument which he once had with the late Alderman Winter, JP, on the subject of the strictly correct plural of the index of a book.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett's natural abilities were great, for a year and a half's school constituted the whole of his Academical training. His father was a blacksmith, who was found dead in a fishing boat in 1826. Two years after his father's death his mother married a Mr Woolgar, and the son who was to make for himself such a name in local records was sent to school at Mr Neve's, in [[Bourne Street]]; the weekly fee at that seminary was one penny. He soon became a monitor of the first class. Two books from which he learnt most when a lad were The Young Man's Best Companion and Matthew Henry's Commentary. Mr [[Woolgar's Smithy]] was on the spot where [[Holy Trinity Church]] now stands.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett, after working as a lad at the Smithy, entered the drapery establishment of Messrs Clement and Inskipp, near the [[Fishmarket]]. There he worked from seven a.m. till nine p.m. He was afterwards apprenticed there, without premium, the firm, no doubt, having appreciated his industry. He left the firm in 1837 after an attack of influenza, and subsequently went into the Post Office in [[George Street]], under Mr Woods.<br />
<br />
It was this which led him to style his effusions in later years as the contributions of "The Postman". At this time he added tailoring to his many accomplishments. In 1839 he started for America, to join Mr Woods' son. But he sustained an injury to his spine, was landed at Spithead, and returned home. In the autumn of the same year he became a schoolmaster at [[Market Terrace]], near the [[St Leonards Archway]]. For a time he took charge of the National Schools at St Leonards concurrently with his own school. On the 25th January 1844 he was married at Winchelsea. Mr Brett's wife predeceased him about six years. Two sons — Mr Rowland Brett and Mr Herbert Brett — survive him. Mr Henry Kirby, of Mercatoria, St Leonards, is a son-in-law.<br />
<br />
In January 1894, on the occasion of his golden wedding, Mr Brett was presented with an illuminated address and a sum of two hundred guineas by his fellow townsmen.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett was one of the original founders of the St Leonards Institute in Norman Road (known for many years as the Mechanics' Institute) in 1848. He held the office of treasurer from the year 1853. Mr Brett succeeded Mr Wilson Noble, formerly MP for Hastings, as president of the Institute in 1888, two years after the death of Mr [[Stephen Putland (1806-1880)|Stephen Putland]], Mr Wilson Noble's predecessor, whose portrait hangs side by side with that of Mr Brett in the Institute. In November 1903 the members of the Institute presented the portrait to Mr Brett, to be placed in the reading-room as a record of the respect and esteem of his fellow members, and their appreciation of his services as treasurer.<br />
<br />
The journalistic work of our departed townsman commenced over 60 years ago, when he became a contributor to the Sussex Advertiser. In 1854 he conceived the idea of leaving the printing trade and starting a newspaper of his own. For this purpose he brought a typographer from London in order to learn to set type. He bought a printing press, and issued the Penny Press as a monthly periodical. The local Gazette was first issued about a year after the appearance of the Penny Press. As a journalist Mr Brett always had a reputation for independence of party.<br />
<br />
The monument by which his literary labours will be best remembered is the local history, which extends into many large volumes. This History, with his work on the [[Cinque Ports]], is in the [[Hastings Library|Reference Library]] at [[Claremont]]. Anyone who has looked into its pages, or had the privilege of seeing Mr Brett at his work, will appreciate the immense patience and care which he devoted to.<br />
<br />
Quite recently an Observer representative found Mr Brett busily engaged in compiling, if we remember rightly, a work against vaccination. He had risen that morning at 6.30! The number of hours he "put in" standing at his desk, copying from one book into another, and arranging the cuttings and manuscripts which he used in his local records, was extraordinary.<br />
<br />
Years ago, when Mr Brett was actively engaged in the printing business, he fell down one night and severely injured his hand. With characteristic pluck he remained at his work. After doctoring his hand for some time, he happened to meet the late Dr Wilson, father of the present esteemed Medical Officer of Health, who asked him what was the matter. He went into Dr Wilson's house, and the doctor showed him a rare old book of which he had become the possessor. Mr Brett, quick to notice details, said regretfully that they could not get such ink for printing nowadays. He was so much interested in the volume that he remained for an hour, and would have gone away without recalling the principal object of his visit if Dr Wilson had not asked to see his hand. The injury was so serious that Mr Brett never regained entire use of the fingers. He was, fortunately, ambidextrous. It may be added that Mr Brett had been playfully nicknamed “Doctor Brett” by a local physician, in consequence of the skill with which he nursed his wife through a very serious illness.<br />
<br />
Mr Brett's death leaves a gap which it will not be easy to fill. It is fortunate for the town at large that by his indomitable perseverance he was able to so far complete the task of preserving for future generations the story of their town.<br />
<br />
Now that the question of music is so largely before the Corporation, it is interesting to note that shortly after his marriage Mr Brett established and directed the first brass band which played on the Parade in the evening and frequently sat up all night copying music. He also produced upwards of 100 original musical compositions.<br />
<br />
As a weather prophet Mr Brett enjoyed considerable reputation, and in the old days of the Gazette he devoted much space to his reading of the plants and in predicting the probable weather for the week to come. We have already spoken of his boundless energy, and his 18 hours daily work. His journalistic duties were generally of a cosmopolitan character, and in many issues of his paper he had a hand in every department of his work. In the morning he might be seen running up and down the steps of the leading lodging-houses, collecting the names of visitors; later in the day he would be composing his leaders (frequently setting up the type as he thought out his subject), and he would also take a part in the machine work, and on the morning of publication he was not too proud to deliver copies of his paper to subscribers.<br />
<br />
Always a temperance man, Mr Brett did not agree with the tactics of the militant zealot who would thrust his opinions down everybody's throat. In the days of the old [[Norman Road Temperance Hall]] Mr Brett has often stood alone in contending for liberty on this subject.<br />
<br />
Mr Henry Brett, of Auckland, nephew of Mr T B Brett, is the proprietor of several newspapers, and has a very large printing establishment. Mr Rowland Brett (son of Mr T B Brett) manages Mr Henry Brett's London agency. Mr Henry Brett was taught the printing trade by Mr T B Brett, and went out to New Zealand when the Colony was quite young. There he has been very prosperous. Some years ago he re-visited St Leonards, and stayed for three or four months.<br />
<br />
The late Mr Brett recently completed a volume on the subject of Anti-Vaccination, and intended to furnish another. He was also anxious to bring his Local History to a later date. He possessed a number of local prints which are unique, and had intended to publish a number of these as post cards.<br />
<br />
In politics Mr Brett was formerly a Liberal, but in later years — since 1880 — he would be best described as an Independent. He was opposed to Home Rule.<br />
<br />
The funeral is fixed for Monday next, at the [[Hastings Cemetery|Borough Cemetery]]. The cortege will leave [[Norman Road]] at two o'clock.<br />
<br />
It was proposed by a correspondent to the [[Hastings & St Leonards Observer]] that the seat at [[North's Seat]] which had fallen into dis-repair be replaced by a tower called the "Brett Memorial Tower"<ref>{{BNA|0000293/19060421/269/0011}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
{{RN}}<br />
{{footer}}<br />
{{reflist|group="Notes"}}<br />
[[Category:Historians]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Ross%27_Directory_1847&diff=111002Ross' Directory 18472021-09-02T14:50:53Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
<hr />
<div>In Ross' Hastings & St Leonards Guide, there was published a trade directory. It is almost certain that this was a 'paid for' directory to fund publication of his guide due to advert numbers appearing alongside each entry and the sparseness of the entries.<br />
<br />
This is transcribed from the fourth edition dating to 1847.<br />
<br />
== Artists, Colourman ==<br />
* [[Thomas Mann (1816-1903)|T. Mann]], [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
== Auctioners, Upholsterers and Undertakers ==<br />
* N. Bragge, 71 [[George Street]]<br />
* John Eaton, 39 [[High Street]]<br />
* E. Eldridge, 34 [[High Street]]<br />
* Mr Mansell, 38 [[High Street]]<br />
* C. J. Womersley, [[York House]] opp. [[York Buildings]]<br />
== Baker ==<br />
* H. Beck, 13 [[Castle Street]] & 3 [[Russell Street]]<br />
== Booksellers ==<br />
* T. Griffin, [[Fishmarket]] and [[John Street]]<br />
* Henry Winter, 59 [[George Street]]<br />
== Boot & Shoe Maker ==<br />
* J. Sharp, [[York Buildings|York Place]]<br />
== Brewers ==<br />
* Wiliam Amoore, [[Eagle Brewery]] [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* J & C Burfield [[Phoenix Brewery]] [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Peter Pagden [[White Rock Brewery]]<br />
== Butchers ==<br />
* J. Duke, 49 [[High Street]]<br />
* J. Pankurst, 83 [[High Street]]<br />
== Carpenter ==<br />
* J. Batstone, 11 [[High Street]]<br />
== Carriage Builders ==<br />
* [[Rock & Sons]], 5 & 6 [[White Rock|Stratford Place]]<br />
<br />
== Carver & Gilder ==<br />
* [[Thomas Mann (1816-1903)|T. Mann]], [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
== Chemists and Druggists ==<br />
* Johnson, 12 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
* H. C. Lea, 66 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wm. Mason, 58 1/2 [[High Street]]<br />
* G. A. Murton, 36 [[Marina]]<br />
* Mr Norwood, 14 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* E. W. Stubbs, 20 [[George Street]]<br />
== Coal Merchants ==<br />
* J & C Burfield, 1 [[George Street]]<br />
* W. Ginner, 44 [[High Street]]<br />
* S. Putland, 3 [[London Road]]<br />
== Drapers ==<br />
* G. Bartran, corner of [[High Street]] and [[George Street]]<br />
* Robinson and Oliver, 60 [[George Street]]<br />
* John Spencer, 58 [[High Street]]<br />
== Eating House ==<br />
* Mr Wimble, 31 [[Great Bourne Street]]<br />
== Fancy Repository ==<br />
* Mrs Pitter, 7 [[George Street]]<br />
* Ann Renolds, 37 [[Marina]]<br />
* Mrs Soane, nr [[South Saxon Hotel|Saxon Hotel]]<br />
== Fruiterers and Greengrocers ==<br />
* H. Barham, [[Pelham Arcade]]<br />
* W. Mills [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
== Grocers, Tea Dealers etc ==<br />
* Alfred Amoore, [[Castle Street]]<br />
* J & G Amoore, 57 [[High Street]]<br />
* J. R. Bromley, 9 [[George Street]]<br />
* H & R Dunk, 12 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* W. Taylor, 1 [[York Buildings|York Place]]<br />
== Hair Dresser ==<br />
* A. Taylor, 8 [[Breeds Place]]<br />
== Hotels ==<br />
* [[James Emary]] jun. [[Royal Albion Pub|Albion Hotel]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* James Emeary [[Castle Hotel]], [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* [[William Lawrence Yates|W. L. Yates]], [[Royal Oak Hotel]]<br />
<br />
== Inns ==<br />
* William Birch, [[Coach and Horses]], [[East Ascent]]<br />
* T. Coussens, [[Cutter|Cutter Inn]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* J. Farroll, [[Roebuck Inn]], [[High Street]]<br />
* W. Huggett, [[New Ship Inn]], [[Great Bourne Street]]<br />
* George Potten, [[Horse and Groom]], [[East Ascent]]<br />
* J. Smith [[Kings Head]], [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* W. Wellsted, [[Warriors Gate]], [[London Road]]<br />
<br />
== Ironmongers ==<br />
* J. Burgess, 44 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Penfolds Hardware Store|Hugh Penfold]], 69 & 70 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
== Libraries ==<br />
* J. S. Cooper, East end of the [[Marine Parade|Parade]]<br />
* Mr Reid, [[Pelham Place]]<br />
== Merchant and Ship Agent ==<br />
* W. Ginner, 44 [[High Street]]<br />
== Newspaper Office ==<br />
* Hastings & St Leonards Journal, 59 [[George Street]]<br />
== Pastry Cook and Confectioner ==<br />
* George Wheeler, 17 [[High Street]]<br />
== Poulterer ==<br />
* Mary Kent, 10 Market Shops, [[George Street]]<br />
== Plumbers, Painters & Glaziers ==<br />
* C. Neve, 9 [[Undercliff]]e<br />
* E. Picknell, 21 [[Castle Street]]<br />
== Riding Masters ==<br />
* Emary and Avery, [[Albion Hotel]] Mews<br />
* F. Hoad, [[Swan]] Mews, [[High Street]]<br />
== Saddler ==<br />
* R Springett, [[Castle Street]]<br />
== Statuary and Mason ==<br />
* George Winter, [[The Croft]] and [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
== Subterranean Abode ==<br />
* [[St Leonards Caves|J. Smith]], The Cliff, St Leonards<br />
== Tailors ==<br />
* R. Bailey, 23 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Charles Duke, 74 & 75 [[High Street]]<br />
* C. Stanley, Opp. [[Castle Hotel]]<br />
* Thomas Weeks sen. [[Castle Street]]<br />
== Tobacconists ==<br />
* H. Moore, 73 [[High Street]]<br />
* A. Paine, 58 [[George Street]]<br />
== Watch & Clock Makers ==<br />
* Josiah Job, 30 [[High Street]]<br />
* J. H. Job, 8 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
== Wine and Spirit Merchants ==<br />
* T. Brown, [[Pelham Arcade]] and 14 [[Marina]]<br />
* J. Townsend, 57 [[George Street]]<br />
* Tonge & Co. 5 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
== Writing Masters etc ==<br />
* Mr Wise, 11 [[Waterloo Place]]<br />
* Mr Banks, [[Rock House]], [[Hill Street]]<br />
{{RN}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{footer}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Directories]]<br />
[[Category:Research Sources]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Pigot%27s_Directory_1840&diff=111001Pigot's Directory 18402021-09-02T14:50:51Z<p>Royp: Bot: Fixing redirects</p>
<hr />
<div>The below is an OCR transcription of the 1840 Pigot directory of Sussex, focussing on the Hastings & St Leonards sections. The only edits made have been to expand abbreviations (such as rd. to road, together with capitalisation), adjust formatting to fit on the internet and linking where appropriate to other pages in the Wiki.<br/><br />
<br />
=== HASTINGS ===<br />
HASTINGS is the chief of the [[Cinque Ports]], a market town, and borough both corporate and parliamentary, having separate jurisdiction, locally in the rape of its name – 62 mile S.E. from London, 71 E. from Chichester, 40 E. from Brighton, and 37 S. from Maidstone (in Kent); situated in a vale, surrounded and sheltered on all sides, save on the south (which is open to the sea), by high hills.<br />
<br />
The air is pure, and remarkably salubrious; the landscapes vary with every change of position; and the country abounds with walks and rides of surpassing beauty. Some fragments of a wall, by which the town was formerly environed, are still to be seen.<br />
==== Castle ====<br />
On a hill, eastward of the town, are the banks and fosses of an encampment, by some ascribed to the Romans, but by other historians to William the Norman, previous to his memorable battle with Harold. Westward of the town, on the edge of the cliff, are the walls and some other vestiges of a castle of great strength, and formerly of superior importance, erected by the Conqueror in 1067.<br />
<br />
Within the walls of the [[Hastings Castle|castle]], the rubbish having been cleared away, were disclosed the remains of the [[St Mary in the Castle (Old Church|church]] and conventual buildings of a free college, supposed to have been founded by Henry de Eu, in the reign of Henry I. The church is more than one hundred feet in length; and adjoining it are to be seen the remains of the ancient parish church of [[St Mary in the Castle (Old Church)|Saint Mary in the Castle]], with the prebendal buildings attached: the whole of which, forming a deeply interesting mass of ruins, have been enclosed by the Earl of Chichester.<br />
<br />
==== Shipping ====<br />
Hastings, as the chief of the [[Cinque Ports]], was in past ages obliged to provide, at forty days’ notice, twenty-one vessels for the king’s service, with provisions, arms and men fit for war, and to maintain them a fortnight at their own charge; if, when that time elapsed, their further service was required, the expense was defrayed by the crown. The harbour, now called [[The Stade]], was formerly a secure anchorage for ships; but in the reign of Elizabeth the [[Elizabethan Harbour|pier]] was destroyed by a storm, and never since been restored; it is in contemplation, however, to construct a harbour off the Stade.<br />
<br />
Vessels of from fifty to one hundred tons burden come up here, and are moved up and sown the Stade with surprising celerity. At the west end of [[the Stade]] is a [[West Fort|fort]], which some time back was mounted with twelve-pounders.<br />
==== Facilities & Entertainments ====<br />
As a watering place Hastings has long been in high repute, and is rapidly increasing in celebrity. The most excellent accommodations are provided for sea-bathing; the ‘[[Marine Old Warm Baths]]’ and the ‘[[Pelham Baths]]’ are of a superior description; and the libraries, hotels and lodging-houses are in every respect worthy of this fashionable town.<br />
<br />
[[Bulverhythe Salts|Races]], established in 1827, and assemblies, concerts and regattas in the season, contribute to the amusement of the sojourner: nothing, indeed, appears to be wanting to promote the comfort and pleasure of the numerous and distinguished visiters to this place.<br />
<br />
==== Commerce ====<br />
From the ancient charters it is evident that the commerce of this port was in former days of considerable importance; bat at present its principle trade depends upon the fishery – about fifteen hundred barrels of herrings are annually dried and sent to different markets. A foreign trade in butter, cheese, rape, &c. from Rotterdam is carried on; and the duties on the imports have recently been allowed to be received by the officers of the customs at Hastings, who likewise superintend the delivery of all foreign merchandize: this is a great convenience to the merchants, who heretofore had to go to Rye to pay the duties, and bring and officer hither to deliver the goods. Coastwise there is a trade in timber, lime, corn, iron and coal, but not to any great amount.Boat and ship building is prosecuted with some activity, and there are several large breweries.<br />
==== Administration ====<br />
Previous to the operation of the municipal act the government of the town was regulated by a charter granted by James II. The corporation now consists of a mayor, six aldermen and eighteen councillors, under the style of ‘the mayor, jurats and commonalty of the town and port of Hastings, in the county of Sussex:’ the borough, which is divided into two wards, is provided with a commission of the peace, by virtue of which quarter sessions are held for the borough, before the recorder and justices; and a court of record sits, for pleas and debts to any amount, once a fortnight.<br />
<br />
The elective franchise was conferred upon this borough in the 43rd of Edward III; the mayor is the returning officer, and the present representatives are the [[Joseph Planta (1787–1847)|Right Hon. Joseph Planta]] and [[Robert Hollond]], Esq. Hastings confers the title of marquess upon the noble family of Rawdon-Hastings.<br />
<br />
==== Places of Worship ====<br />
The town comprises the parishes of [[All Saints Church|All Saints]] and [[St Clements Church|St. Clement]], both united in one rectory, of which the Rev. John Goodge Foyster is the present incumbent. The churches, which are constructed of flint and stone, have been both handsome edifices, of considerable antiquity, repeatedly repaired, altered and enlarged. There are two episcopal chapels – one in [[Pelham Crescent]], and elegant structure, erected by the Earl of Chichester; the other at the [[St Clements Halton|barrack ground]], endowed by Mrs. Millward.<br />
<br />
A new and very neat [[Wellington Square Baptist Church|baptist chapel]] has also been recently erected in [[Wellington Square]]; and there likewise are places of worship for Wesleyan methodists and independents. Between Hastings and Saint Leonards a Roman Catholic establishment has lately been founded, dedicated to All Souls, the grounds of which occupy nine acres.<br />
<br />
==== Charitable Institutions ====<br />
The charities of Hastings comprise several excellent ones of a scholastic nature, including endowed schools, others upon the national system, and Sunday schools; besides apprenticeship funds; the Magdalene charity for the distribution of alms to the poor, and a dispensary, to which it is intended to add an infirmary. A [[Hastings Literary and Scientific Institution|literary and scientific institution]] is established here, supported by members of the highest respectability; and there is a [[hastings Mechanics’ Institution|mechanics’ institute]].<br />
<br />
==== Periodicals ====<br />
A journal, called ‘The [[Cinque Ports’ Chronicle]]’ conducted with acknowledged talent, and enjoying a circulation of considerable extent, is published in Hastings every Saturday morning.<br />
<br />
==== Markets ====<br />
A market for butchers’ meat is held under the new [[Town Hall|town hall]] on Wednesdays and Fridays; a new market, for all kinds of provisions, is daily open in [[George Street]]; and a butchers’ market, at the same place, on Wednesdays and Saturdays: fish is obtained in abundance daily; and a corn market is held every Saturday, at the ‘[[Swan Hotel|Swan]]’ and ‘[[Anchor Inn|Anchor]]' Inns.<br />
==== Fairs ====<br />
The fairs are on Tuesday in Whitsun week, the 26th July and 23rd November; that in July, termed ‘[[Rock Fair]],’ is the principal, and is for pedlery, toys, &c.<br />
==== Other ====<br />
The population of the Cinque port of Hastings, amounted, according to the returns at the census of 1831, to 10,097 inhabitants.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
[[Main Post Office|POST OFFICE]], 4 [[George Street]], HASTINGS, John Woods, Post Master.<br/>– Letters from LONDON arrive every morning at twenty minutes before five, and are despatched every night at eight minutes before ten.<br/>– Letters from DOVER, &c. arrive every day at half-past twelve, and are despatched every afternoon at a quarter before two.<br/>– A penny post to ST. LEONARDS every morning at a quarter before five & afternoon at half-past 1.<br/><br />
<br />
=== ST LEONARDS ===<br />
Is a beautiful and fashionable watering place, in the borough of Hastings and partaking of its municipal privileges, one mile west of that town – seated in a most healthful and delightful situation, having a southern aspect, and well sheltered from the keen winds of the north.<br />
==== Architecture ====<br />
The erection of this elegant little place was commenced in 1828, by the late [[James Burton (1761-1837)|Mr. J. Burton]], of London, an architect of distinguished ability, under whose plans and management the buildings were completed; and it is but just to state, that, for taste, convenience, and beauty of architecture, they are not surpassed by any marine residence of similar size in the kingdom. From the esplanade (which extends to Hastings,) the views are expansive and picturesque – embracing, towards the east, the [[Hastings Castle|castle]] and cliffs of Hastings; to the west, Bexhill, Pevensey, Beachy Head and the South Downs; and inland the delightful and interesting vale of St. Leonards.<br />
==== Facilities ====<br />
There are numerous handsomely furnished lodging-houses, in charming situations; five superior hotels; together with baths, libraries, reading rooms, public gardens and archery grounds – the entire presenting attractions of no common order. A [[st. Leonards Church|new church]] has been completed, for the increasing accommodation of the increasing population, which now exceeds 2,000.<br />
===== Post Office =====<br />
[[Marine Parade|Parade]], [[C. H. Southall|Charles Haywood Southall]], Post Master.<br/>Letters from LONDON and all parts arrive every morning at five, and are despatched every night at half-past nine.<br />
<br />
== DIRECTORY OF HASTINGS ==<br />
<br/><br />
=== GENTRY & CLERGY. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Betts Misses, 25 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Bird Mrs. Sarah, 31 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Bird the Misses, 31 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* [[Wastel Brisco|Brisco Wastel]], esq. [[Summerfields|Bohemia]]<br />
* Charlton Thomas, esq. Garden cottage<br />
* Crouch Mrs. M. 5 [[Castle Terrace]]<br />
* Crouch Mr. Walter, 94 [[High Street]]<br />
* Davis Rev. William, [[Holloway Place]]<br />
* De Vandes Compte, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Druce Mrs. Judith, 3 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* [[Sir Howard Elphinstone (1773-1846)|Elphinstone Sir Howard]], [[Ore Place]]<br />
* [[Rev. Devy Fearon|Fearon Rev. Devy]], Ore Rectory<br />
* Foyster Rev. J. G. 106 [[High Street]]<br />
* Gill Mrs. Ann, 90 [[High Street]]<br />
* Gordon General Cosmo, [[Ore Villa]]<br />
* Hancock the Misses, 7 [[Verulam Place]]<br />
* Hanney Joseph, esq. 105 [[High Street]]<br />
* Haselwood Rev. F. 7 [[The Croft]]<br />
* Hele Rev. Robert S. 1 [[Gloucester Place]]<br />
* Humphreys John Porter, esq. 2 [[The Croft]]<br />
* Jenkinson Rev. John, 36 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Jenkinson the Misses, 22 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Kerby Robert, esq. [[Pelham Crescent]]<br />
* [[Charles Montolieu Lamb (1785-1864)|Lamb Sir Charles]], [[Beauport Park|Beauport]]<br />
* Lushington -, esq. 4 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Mann Lieut. Robert, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Mannington John, esq. 93 [[High Street]]<br />
* Maw John Hornby, esq. West Hill<br />
* [[Sarah Milward|Milward Mrs. Sarah]], [[High Street]]<br />
* Montgomery Lady -, [[Beauport Park|Beauport]]<br />
* [[Frederick North (1800-1869)|North Frederick]], esq. [[Hastings Lodge]]<br />
* Pearse Rev. William, * Phillips Mrs. Mary, 56 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[Joseph Planta (1787–1847)|Planta Rt. Hon. Jos. M. P.]] [[Fairlight Place]]<br />
* Prout Thomas, esq. 57 [[George Street]]<br />
* Rust Rev. Edgar, 1 [[Cavendish Place]]<br />
* St. Quintin Miss Jane, [[High Street]]<br />
* Samworth Mrs. Ann, Bruckland cottage<br />
* Sargent George, esq. 98 [[High Street]]<br />
* Sayer Miss Catherine, [[George Street]]<br />
* Scorer Chs. Winter, esq. 13 [[York Buildings]]<br />
* [[William Scrivens|Scrivens William]], esq, 98 [[High Street]]<br />
* Shadwell Miss Mary, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Shadwell Wm. Lucas, esq. [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Shakespeare -, esq. [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Shorter J. G. esq. [[High Street]]<br />
* Smith Benjamn. Esq. [[Pelham Crescent]]<br />
* Smith Francis, esq. [[The Croft]]<br />
* Stonestreet Rev. G. G. * [[Rev. William Wallinger|Wallinger Rev. William]], [[Castledown House]]<br />
* Wallis Wm. Benj. Esq. [[High Wickham]]<br />
* Whistler Mrs. Mary, 22 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wilson Gloucester, esq. [[The Croft]]<br />
* Wyatt Henry H. esq. [[Mount Pleasant Road]]<br />
* Younge Mrs. Rebecca, 10 [[Verulam Place]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Adds Sophia (boarding & day), [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Bond Charles (boarding & day) [[Castle Hill Road|Castle Hill]]<br />
* Bray Sarah (boardg) 2 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* [[Girls British School]], [[Waterloo Place]] – Mary Ann Selden, mistress<br />
* Burrows Lydia (preptry.) 117 [[High Street]]<br />
* Carr Robert (day), 45 [[George Street]]<br />
* Clarke Misses (boarding & day), 115 & 116 [[High Street]]<br />
* Hutchinson Charles, 61 [[George Street]]<br />
* INFANTS’ SCHOOL, [[Cavendish Place]] – Martha Andrew, mistress<br />
* Jackson & Dunk Misses (boarding and day), 81 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[National Schools]], – Charles Cockerton, master; Elizabeth Hutchinson, mistress<br />
* [[Hastings Grammar School|PARKER’S CHARITY SCHOOL]], [[Waterloo Place]] – George Rubie, master<br />
* Peacock George (preparatory), [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* [[Hastings Grammar School|SAUNDERS’ ENDOWED SCHOOL]], [[Waterloo Place]] – [[John Banks (1807-1881)|John Banks]], master; Elizabeth Dicker, mistress<br />
* White Rebecca (day), [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* White William (day), [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== ATTORNEYS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Baker Thomas Baker (and clerk of the peace), 80 [[High Street]]<br />
* Bishop Henry, 4 [[High Street]]<br />
* Langham James George, 1 [[High Street]]<br />
* Scrivens William, jun. 113 [[High Street]]<br />
* Shorter & Philips, 86 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[John Goldsworthy Shorter (1805-1857)|Shorter John Goldsworthy]] (& town clerk & coroner), 86 [[High Street]]<br />
* Thatcher Henry, 7 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== AUCTIONEERS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Eaton John, 39 [[High Street]]<br />
* Honiss George, 31 [[George Street]]<br />
* Honis Wm. Henry, [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Millis William, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Robinson George, [[High Street]]<br />
* Wingfield Henry, 2 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== BAKERS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Allen Thomas, 110 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Beck Henry, 3 [[Russell Street]]<br />
* Betts John, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Carly George, 49 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Carswell William, 56 [[High Street]]<br />
* Clark Robert, 4 [[Pelham Street]]<br />
* Eldridge William, 24 [[High Street]]<br />
* Elphick Cornelius, 67 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Elphick John, 97 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Gallop John, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Kent William, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Moore Thomas, 8 [[Stone Street]]<br />
* Muggeridge John, [[John Street]]<br />
* Parker William, 127 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Polhill Henry, 30 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Russell John, 23 [[George Street]]<br />
* Sargent William Walter, [[John Street]]<br />
* Smith John, 51 [[High Street]]<br />
* Standing Thomas, 1 [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Ticehurst Simon, 69 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Tutty John, [[Fairlight downs]]<br />
* Wheeler Edward, 59½ [[George Street]]<br />
* White Austin, 97 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Williams Thomas Breeds]],17 [[George Street]]<br />
* Woodhams John, [[Castle Road]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== BANKERS. ===<br />
* Smith, Hilder, Scrivens & Co. [[High Street]] – (draw on Masterman & Co.)<br />
* SAVINGS’ BANK, [[Town Hall]] – (open every Saturday from 3 to 4) – William Ticehurst, actuary<br />
=== BASKET MAKERS. ===<br />
* Harris Stephen, 12 [[High Street]]<br />
* Household Mark, [[East Beach Street]]<br />
* Page Richard, 71 [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
=== BATHS – WARM AND COLD. ===<br />
* [[Old Warm Baths|MARINE OLD WARM BATHS]], [[Marine Parade]] – Jno. Bayley, jun. manager<br />
* PELHAM BATHS, [[Pelham Place]] – Martha Thatcher, manager<br />
<br />
=== BLACKSMITHS & FARRIERS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Beaney Thos (& turner) [[Pelham Street]]<br />
* Hills Thomas, Priory<br />
* Howell Wm. (& bell hanger) [[Waterloo Place]]<br />
* Huggett William, [[John Street]]<br />
* Lock Thomas (& bell hanger), 90 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Long James, Priory<br />
* [[Penfolds Hardware Store|Penfold Hugh]], 70 [[George Street]]<br />
* Ranger John, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Ranger William, [[West Street]]<br />
* Stace John, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Stace Samuel, [[West Street]]<br />
* Stace William, [[John Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Arundale William (and print seller), 2 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Bayley William (and stamp office), 53 [[High Street]]<br />
* Bowmer Edward, 24½ [[George Street]]<br />
* [[Cooper's Library|Cooper Joseph]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* [[Diplock's Library|Diplock William]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Laver John, 5 [[George Street]]<br />
* Phillips Edward, 16½ [[George Street]]<br />
* Ross & Mann, 6 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Slade Eleanor, 16½ [[High Street]]<br />
* Turner John, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== BOOT AND SHOE MAKERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}.<br />
* Beale William, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Beeney Henry, [[Halton Fields]]<br />
* Belsey Henry, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Belsey James, [[Pleasant Row]]<br />
* Burton William, 29 [[Russell Street]]<br />
* Carey John, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Cox, John, [[East Parade|West Beach Street]]<br />
* Dowsett & Son, 30 [[George Street]]<br />
* Dowsett James, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* French Frederick, 13 [[Castle Terrace]]<br />
* Gallop George, 17 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Gallop Thomas, [[Albion Place]]<br />
* Goldsmith Matthew Jas. [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Guy Mortimer, 60 [[George Street]]<br />
* Jenner Richard, 8 [[George Street]]<br />
* Kenward George, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Knight George, 72 [[High Street]]<br />
* Martin Edward, 60 [[High Street]]<br />
* Morris William, [[Stone fields]]<br />
* Reeves John (and currier and leather cutter), 21 [[George Street]], and at Tonbridge Wells<br />
* Smale James, 3 [[George Street]]<br />
* Smith Benjamin, 19 [[High Street]]<br />
* Smith Joseph, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Timan James, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Webb John, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* White Thomas, 48½ [[George Street]]<br />
* Williams Horatio Nelson, 54 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wingfield Nicholas, 89 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wood Daniel, 14 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== BRAZIERS AND TIN-PLATE WORKERS ===<br />
* Burgess John, 44 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Penfolds Hardware Store|Penfold Hugh]] (coppersmith, smith, bell hanger & gas fitter), 70 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== BREWERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* [[Thomas Breeds (1794-1794)|Breeds Thomas]], 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Burfield and Co|Burfield James & Charles]] (& porter merchants), [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Deudney & Hurst, [[White Rock Brewery]]<br />
* Fermor & Amoore ([[Eagle Brewery]]), [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== BRICKLAYERS & PLASTERERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Burchill Robert, [[Stone Fields]]<br />
* Coussens John, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Hinkley Robert, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Judge Joseph, 87 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Smith Timothy (ornamental plasterer), Stone Fields]]<br />
* Streeter Charles, Ore<br />
* Thorne Thomas, Priory<br />
* Whiting Thomas, 35 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Winter James, Priory<br />
* Winter William, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Wood William, [[Winding Lane]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== BUTCHERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Banks Peter, 3 [[York Buildings|York Place]]<br />
* Bishop Robert, 28 [[High Street]]<br />
* Crouch John, 1 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Crouch William, 119 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Fisher Edw. (pork), 101 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Gausden Henry, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Kennett Thomas, 84 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Putland Henry (pork), 14 [[George Street]]<br />
* Sinden Henry, 42 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Henry Thwaites|Thwaites Henry]], 3 [[Commercial Road]]<br />
* Thwaites Jeremh. (pork), 21 [[High Street]]<br />
* Vinsett Walter, [[Stone Street]]<br />
* Waghorne John, 49 High st<br />
* Waghorne Mercer & Thos. 11 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Wellerd James, 83 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wellerd William, 61 [[George Street]]<br />
* White George, 108 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== CABINET MAKERS AND UPHOLSTERERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Beaney Thomas, Priory<br />
* Bragge Nathaniel, 103 [[High Street]]<br />
* Eaton John, 39 [[High Street]]<br />
* Eldridge Thomas, 34½ [[High Street]]<br />
* Hall George Thomas, 63 [[George Street]]<br />
* Honiss Wm. Henry, [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Wingfield Henry, 1 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== CARPENTERS & BUILDERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bossom Thomas, 17 [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Bourne Thomas, [[West Street]]<br />
* Clarke & Glazier, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Curtis John, [[Winding Lane]]<br />
* Ditch William, Priory<br />
* Easton John, 39 [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Easton Joseph, Ore<br />
* Edwards & Son, [[The Croft]]<br />
* Harman Benjamin, [[Providence Place]]<br />
* Jones & Glazier, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Lansdell James, Priory<br />
* Lock James, Priory<br />
* Lyon Ocean, [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Noakes Robert, Priory<br />
* Plummer John, 4 [[Castle Hill Road|Castle Hill]]<br />
* Reeds Jonathan, Priory<br />
* Standen William, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Tree Benjamin, [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Tutt William Bourne, East hill<br />
* Winter James, 2 [[Cavendish Terrace]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== CARVERS AND GILDERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Arundale William, 2 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Ross & Mann, 6 [[Castle Street]] & 34 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== CHAIR MAKERS & TURNERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Cox Jas. (& [[Town Crier]]) [[Wellington Court]]<br />
* Quinnell Charles, East Hill<br />
* Stanford Edward, 129 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== CHINA, GLASS, &c. DEALERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Burbridge James F. 43 [[High Street]]<br />
* Morton Hannah, 26 and 27 [[High Street]]<br />
* Mose Jonathan, 58 [[High Street]]<br />
* Nelson Thomas, 2 [[York Buildings|York Place]]<br />
* Tanner John, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Amoore Charles, 8 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Gorringe Walter Elphick, 60 [[High Street]]<br />
* Lea Henry C. 66 [[High Street]]<br />
* Mason William, 58½ [[High Street]]<br />
* Smith Isaac, 40 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Stubbs Eli West, 20 [[George Street]]<br />
* Weekes John, 54 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== CLOTHES SALESMEN ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bell Isaac, 37 and 38 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Bourner William, 63 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Mills Joseph, [[Market Passage]]<br />
* Selden Richard, 46 [[High Street]]<br />
* Strong John, 39 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== COACH BUILDERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Crisp Edmund, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Johnson Philip, [[Stone Fields]]<br />
* [[Rock & Sons|Rock James]], 6 [[White Rock|Stratford Place]] and 12 Rathbone place, London<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== COAL MERCHANTS & DEALERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bayley John, jun. 25 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[James Breeds Jr (1800-1875)|Breeds James & Co]]. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Breeds Thomas & Co. 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* Burfield Jas. Charles, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Deudney & Hurst, [[White Rock]]<br />
* Ginner Wm. (& porter), [[Winding Lane]]<br />
* Heathfield Samuel, 15 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Stricklands|Strickland Edmund]], 64 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== CONFECTIONERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Eldridge William, 24 [[High Street]]<br />
* Payne William, 11 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Style Edmund (& cook), 59 [[High Street]]<br />
* Vickery Chas. (& cook), 16 [[George Street]]<br />
* Wheeler John, 17 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== COOPERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Cox James, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Foord John, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Foord Thomas, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Moore Charles, 73 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== CORN AND SEED FACTORS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Beale David, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Crippen William (and working jeweller) 31 [[High Street]]<br />
* Foster & Stubberfield, [[West Beach]]<br />
* Pierce George, 14 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Stricklands|Strickland Edmund]], 64 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== COW KEEPERS & DAIRYMEN ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Brazier Robert, [[Queens Road|St. Andrews Terrace]]<br />
* Button Thomas, Fairlight<br />
* Catt Thomas, [[Sinnocks Cottage]]<br />
* Hole John, [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Murdoch David, [[Queens Road|St Andrew's Terrace]]<br />
* Noakes Robert, Fairlight<br />
* Standen John, [[Stone Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== DENTISTS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Fuller Edmund, 3 [[Verulam Place]]<br />
* Pam Albert, [[Oak House]], [[High Street]]<br />
* Smith Isaac, 40 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Weekes John, 54 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== DYERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Fox George (& calenderer) * Tucker William, 13 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== EATING HOUSE KEEPERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Hyland Ann, 29 [[George Street]]<br />
* Wimble John, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== ENGRAVER & PRINTER ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Secra John, 42½ [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== FELLMONGER, GLOVER AND BREECHES MAKER ===<br />
* Duke Samuel, 76 [[High Street]]<br />
=== FIRE, &c. OFFICE AGENTS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* GUARDIAN, Henry Thwaites, 121 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* INDEPENDENT AND WEST MIDDLESEX, Jno. Geo. Glandfield, [[George Street]]<br />
* KENT, William Ginner, [[Winding Lane]]<br />
* LICENSED VICTUALLERS’ AND GENERAL (fire & life), William Henry Honis, [[York Buildings]]<br />
* NORWICH UNION, George & Arthur Jackson, 62 [[High Street]]<br />
* PHŒNIX (fire) and PELICAN (life), John Bayley, jun. 25 [[George Street]]<br />
* ROYAL EXCHANGE, William Scrivens, 113 [[High Street]]<br />
* SUN, Henry Bishop, [[High Street]]<br />
* UNION, John Laver, 5 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== FISHMONGERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Baldock Richard, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* [[Breach & Son]], [[Commercial Road]]<br />
* Mills & Son, [[East Parade|West Beach Street]]<br />
* Tassell Margaret, [[East Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== FLY PROPRIETORS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Akehurst William, [[Wellington Mews]]<br />
* Emary James, [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Emary Thomas, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Heath William, [[Marine Mews]]<br />
* Hutchings & Heathfield, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Kirby William, [[Denmark Place]]<br />
* Williams Thomas, [[Wellington Mews]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== FRUITERERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Baker Charles, 37 [[High Street]]<br />
* Crouch George, 12 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Golding Jospeh, 42½ [[High Street]]<br />
* Guy Ann, 60 [[George Street]]<br />
* Mills John, 7 & 8 [[Pelham Arcade]]<br />
* Mills John, 15 [[High Street]]<br />
* Osborne Thomas, 32 [[George Street]]<br />
* Pollard William, 20 [[High Street]]<br />
* Sinden Stephen, [[Post Office Passage]]<br />
* Standen Samuel, [[Castle Road]]<br />
* Wheeler Edward, 59½ [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== FURNITURE BROKERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Fuller Thomas, [[Windsor Lane]]<br />
* Norman William, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Reeves William, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== GROCERS & CHEESEMONGERS ===<br />
(See also Shopkeepers; and also Tea Dealers.)<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Amoore Alfred, 7 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Amoore Joseph & Geo. 57 [[High Street]]<br />
* Baker William, 48 [[High Street]]<br />
* Blackman Eliz. & Son, [[Halton Fields]]<br />
* Brasier James, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Breeds Thomas & Co. (wholesale) 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* Burbridge James Frederick, 43 [[High Street]]<br />
* Day Peter, [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Dunk Henry, 45 [[High Street]]<br />
* Dunk Henry & Co. 9 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Eaton John, 1 [[Pelham Street]]<br />
* Ellis William, 47 [[High Street]]<br />
* Gallop Henry, [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Gallop John, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Grant Thomas, 16 [[High Street]]<br />
* Hickes Thomas (and British wines) 33 [[High Street]]<br />
* Jeudwine Charles, 117 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Kennard Charles, 11 [[High Street]]<br />
* Slatter George, 9 [[George Street]]<br />
* Smale James, 3 [[George Street]]<br />
* Thwaites Henry, 121 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Tolhurst Thomas, 7 [[White Rock|Stratford Place]]<br />
* White Thomas, jun. 41 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== HATTERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bell Isaac, 37 &38 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Boykett Breeds (1735-1784)|Breeds Boykett]], [[Commercial Road]]<br />
* Hill William (and umbrella maker) 77 [[High Street]]<br />
* Lott John, 53 [[George Street]]<br />
* Strong John, 39 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Tyhurst & Son, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== INNS AND HOTELS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* [[Royal Albion Pub|Albion]], Thomas Reeve Emary, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* [[Castle Hotel|Castle]], [[James Emary]], [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* [[Marine Hotel]], Charles Pope Hutchings, [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* [[Royal Oak Hotel|Royal Oak]] (commercial), [[William Lawrence Yates]], [[Castle Street]]<br />
* [[Sea side Hotel]], John Eastland, [[White Rock|Stratford Place]]<br />
* [[Swan Hotel|Swan]], George Robinson, [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== IRON MONGERS – FURNISHING ===<br />
* Burgess John, 44 [[High Street]]<br />
* Penfold Hugh (to Her Majesty, & manufacturer of Bare’s patent fountain pump), 68, 69 & 70 [[George Street]]<br />
=== JOB & POST MASTERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Clement & Hoad, [[High Street]]<br />
* Emary James, [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Heath William, [[Pelham Mews]]<br />
* Hutchings & Co. [[Marine Parade]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Arundale William, 2 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Cooper Joseph, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* [[William Diplock (1810-1866)|Diplock William]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Laver John, 5 [[George Street]]<br />
* Pearce Thomas, 10 [[Pelham Place|Pelham place]]<br />
* Phillips Edward, 16½ [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== LINEN DRAPERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bell Isaac, 37 & 38 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Bennet Geo. (& woollen), 41 [[High Street]]<br />
* Clement & Inskipp (and woollen), 24 [[George Street]]<br />
* Cloke Moses, 15 [[Pelham Crescent]]<br />
* Corke William Olly, 58 [[High Street]]<br />
* Green Charlotte (and child bed linen warehouse), 28 [[George Street]]<br />
* Hogsflesh Charles, 43 [[George Street]]<br />
* Jackson George & Arthur (and undertakers), 62 [[High Street]]<br />
* Pittock William, 8 [[Breeds Place]]<br />
* Strong John, 39 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Styles Richard, 1 [[Wellington Place]]<br />
* Willsher David (& woollen) 32 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== LIVERY STABLE KEEPERS ===<br />
* Emary James, Priory<br />
* Heath William, [[Pelham Mews]]<br />
* Yates Wm. Laurence, [[Pelham Mews]]<br />
=== LODGING HOUSE AGENTS & UNDERTAKERS ===<br />
* Glandfield John George (& registrar of births and deaths), 18 [[George Street]]<br />
* Standen William, [[Pelham Arcade]]<br />
=== MARKET GARDENERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Burt William, Market<br />
* Golding Joseph, 42½ [[High Street]]<br />
* Lavenden Charles, Market<br />
* Morley William, [[Wellington Gardens]]<br />
* Weston Thomas, 118 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wood William, 107 [[High Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== MERCHANTS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bayley John, jun. [[George Street]]<br />
* [[James Breeds Jr (1800-1875)|Breeds James & Co]]. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Breeds Thomas & Co. 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* Burfield James & Chas. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* [[Penfolds Hardware Store|Penfold Hugh]], 70 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== MILLERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Beale David, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Beale William, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* [[William Carswell (1808-1858)|Carswell William]] (& bone crusher), 56 [[High Street]]<br />
* Cristford William, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Hembray Thomas, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* Richardson Thomas, Guestling<br />
* [[Williams Thomas Breeds]], 17 [[George Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== MILLINERS & DRESS MAKERS ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Allen Kezia, 110 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Cannons & Giles, [[Castle Terrace]]<br />
* Day Elizabeth, 89 [[High Street]]<br />
* Fermor Caroline & Emily, 8 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Fox Catherine, 52 [[High Street]]<br />
* Heath Ann S. 13 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Honiss Mrs. Jas. 6 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
* Honiss Louisa, 4 [[York Buildings|York Place]]<br />
* Lock Sarah, 80 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Lulham Ann, 25 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Ross Mary, [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Soane Louisa, 15 [[George Street]]<br />
* Tooth Frances, 4 [[Castle Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== NEWSPAPER. ===<br />
* [[Cinque Ports’ Chronicle|CINQUE PORTS’ CHRONICLE]] (published every Saturday), Charles Bond, proprietor, 42 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== NURSERY & SEEDSMEN. ===<br />
* Buchanan Jas (& florist), [[London Road]]<br />
* Wood William, [[High Street]]<br />
=== PAINTERS, PLUMBERS AND GLAZIERS. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Baker Charles, [[High Street]]<br />
* Bolingbroke Chasles Wm, 1 [[Stone Street]]<br />
* Bossom Benjamin, 67 [[High Street]]<br />
* Brown Joseph, 88 [[High Street]]<br />
* Coussens Daniel, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Elliott Thomas, 5 [[High Street]]<br />
* Honis George (house, sign, &c. painter), 31 [[George Street]]<br />
* Inskipp John, 49 [[George Street]]<br />
* Neve Charles, 4 [[White Rock|Stratford Place]]<br />
* Phillips John, 99 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Picknell Edward, 15 & 19 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Poole George, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Price Henry, 24 [[Queens Road|St. Andrew’s Terrace]]<br />
* Smith John, 66 [[George Street]]<br />
* Vidler Alfred, [[Castle Road]]<br />
* Wood, William, [[Winding Lane]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== PERFUMERS AND HAIR DRESSERS. ===<br />
* Buchanan Norman, 7 [[George Street]]<br />
* Chatfield Alfred, [[East Parade|West Beach Street]]<br />
* Gallop James, 7 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Shirley Abel, 40 [[George Street]]<br />
* Smith William, [[High Street]]<br />
=== PHYSICIANS. ===<br />
* Batty Richard, Fairlight<br />
* Cooke William, 4 [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Duke William, 18 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Harkness John, Ivy cottage, Ore<br />
* Mac Cabe Francis Peter, 43 [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Wilmot Robert Montague (senior physician to the dispensary)<br />
=== POULTERERS. ===<br />
* Kent James, 10 [[George Street]]<br />
* Osborne George, 11 [[George Street]]<br />
* Phipps James, 12 [[George Street]]<br />
* Sargent Spencer, Market<br />
=== PRINTERS – LETTER-PRESS, AND BOOKBINDERS. ===<br />
* [[Henry Osborne (1806-)|Osborne Henry]] (and copper-plate printer), 55 [[George Street]]<br />
* Pollard Wm. (bookbinder), 20 [[High Street]]<br />
* Ransom William, 42 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== PROFESSORS & TEACHERS. ===<br />
* Gubbins John (music), 7 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* [[Joseph Binns Hart (1794-1844)|Hart Jos.]] (music and music seller and piano forte hirer), 2 [[Wellington Place]]<br />
* Stace Frances (languages), East hill<br />
* Watson William (private tutor), 1 [[Verulam Place]]<br />
* Wood William (music), All Saints<br />
<br />
=== REPOSITORIES – FRENCH AND FANCY. ===<br />
* Cohen Elizabeth. Holland, 10 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Cooper Joseph, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* [[William Diplock (1810-1866)|Diplock William]], [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Morris Edward (and Tonbridge ware manufacturer), 47 [[George Street]]<br />
* Murray John (and working jeweller), 9 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Ross & Mann (of arts), 6 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Woods John (Tonbridge ware), 4 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== RIDING MASTERS. ===<br />
* Emary James, [[Wellington Square]]<br />
* Hoad John & Frederick, [[Swan Hotel|Swan]] coach office, [[High Street]], and [[South Saxon Hotel]], St. Leonards<br />
<br />
=== ROPE AND SAIL MAKERS. ===<br />
* Bayley John, jun. 25 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[James Breeds Jr (1800-1875)|Breeds James]] & Co. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Nabbs William, [[John Street]]<br />
<br />
=== SADDLERS. ===<br />
* Pain William, 50 [[High Street]]<br />
* Philcox Samuel, 67 [[George Street]]<br />
* Springett Robert, 5 [[Castle Street]]<br />
<br />
=== SHIP AGENTS. ===<br />
* Bayley John, jun. 25 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[James Breeds Jr (1800-1875)|Breeds James]], 4 [[Commercial Road]]<br />
* [[Thomas Breeds (1794-1794)|Breeds Thomas]] & Co. 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* Burfield James & Chas. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
<br />
=== SHIP BUILDERS. ===<br />
* Gallop John, [[Winding Lane]]<br />
* Kent Philip & Stephen, [[East Beach]]<br />
* [[Ransom and Ridley's Shipyard|Ransom & Ridley]], [[Castle Street]]<br />
* [[Thwaites Shipyard|Thwaites & Winter]], [[Castle Street]]<br />
<br />
=== SHOPKEEPERS & DEALERS IN GROCERIES & SUNDRIES. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bevins John, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Breach John, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Button Thomas, Ore<br />
* Eastland Arthur, 137 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Foord Thomas, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Hadden John, 118 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Jones Sarah, [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Monday Mary, 6 [[Stone Street]]<br />
* Nash James, 106 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Noakes Thomas, [[St Mary's Terrace|St Marys Terrace]]<br />
* Palk Ann, [[Wellington Court]]<br />
* Phillips George, 33 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Poole Ann 103 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Selden Richard, 46 [[High Street]]<br />
* Stewart Mary Ann, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Thwaites Stephen, [[John Street]]<br />
* White Austin, 102 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* White Thomas, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Wolgar William, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== STATIONERS. ===<br />
* Arundale William (and music seller), 2 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Bryant Sarah, 84 [[High Street]]<br />
* Holt Thomas, 3 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
* Judge Joseph, 87 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Osbourne Henry, 55 [[George Street]]<br />
* Pearce Thomas, 10 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Ransom William, 42 [[George Street]]<br />
* Weston Robert, 55 [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
=== STAY MAKERS. ===<br />
* Daniell Sarah, 89 [[High Street]]<br />
* Howse & Venson, 82 [[High Street]]<br />
* Poile Sarah, 45 [[George Street]]<br />
* Russell Ann, 6 [[Pelham Arcade]]<br />
<br />
=== STONE MASONS. ===<br />
* Coe & Beale, Priory<br />
* Putland James (and brick maker), [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Vennall Henry, [[Stone Field]]<br />
* Vidler Major, 40A [[High Street]]<br />
* Winter George, [[Isabella Cottages]]<br />
<br />
=== STRAW HAT MAKERS. ===<br />
* Carr Jane, 45 [[George Street]]<br />
* Fermor Carolione & Emily, 8 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Foord Elizabeth, 61 [[George Street]]<br />
* Fox Catherine, 52 [[High Street]]<br />
* Ives Hanna, [[York Gardens]]<br />
* Payne Mrs. -, [[George Street]]<br />
* Phillips & Sargent, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Pollard Louisa, [[Courthouse Street|Court House Street]]<br />
* Tooth Frances, 4 [[Castle Street]]<br />
<br />
=== SURGEONS. ===<br />
* Duke Walter, 46 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[William Duke (1778-1845)|Duke William]], [[George Street]]<br />
* Dutton James, 40 [[High Street]]<br />
* Ranger Joseph, 97 [[High Street]]<br />
* Ranking Robert, 79 [[High Street]]<br />
* Savery John, 12 [[York Buildings]]<br />
* Ticehurst Frederick, 70 [[High Street]]<br />
* Wall Abiather Brown, 52½ [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
=== SURVEYORS ===<br />
* Barrow Nelson, 6 [[George Street]]<br />
* Catley Thomas, [[London Road]]<br />
* Inskipp Frederick Chas. (& registrar of births & deaths) [[Halton Barracks|Barrack Ground]]<br />
* Vidler Major, 15 [[Queens Road|St Andrew's Terrace]]<br />
<br />
=== TAILORS. ===<br />
Marked thus + are also Drapers.<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Bevins John, [[Hill Street]]<br />
* Clement & Inskipp, 24 [[George Street]]<br />
* Craig James, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Crisford William, 122 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Duke & Son (and habit makers)+, 74 & 75 [[High Street]]<br />
* Foster Thomas+, 71 [[George Street]]<br />
* Hallows John, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* Harman George, 131 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Hazle Robert, 4 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
* Lansdell Alfred+, 3 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Lock Charles (& hatter)+ 36 [[High Street]]<br />
* Lock James, 5 [[High Street]]<br />
* Phillips Edward, 16½ [[George Street]]<br />
* Russell William, [[West Street]]<br />
* Standen & Forrest+, 68 [[High Street]]<br />
* Stanley Charles, [[Castle Road]]<br />
* Tanner John, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Traa William+, 35 [[High Street]]<br />
* Tutt Richard, 8 [[Pleasant Row]]<br />
* Tyhurst & Son, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Walder Edward, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* Weeks Thomas+, 6 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Wenham James+, [[Pleasant Row]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== TAVERNS & PUBLIC HOUSES. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* [[Anchor Inn|Anchor]], Thomas Daniel, 13 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[Angel Inn|Angel]], Henry Morley, [[Longfields]]<br />
* [[Cinque Port Arms]], George Reeves, 105 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Crown]], James Hart, 65 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Cutter]], James Oakley, [[West Beach]]<br />
* [[Fortune of War]], William Stonestreet, * [[George]], Henry Wood, 120 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Hare and Hounds]], Gabriel Daniel, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
* [[Hastings Arms]], Richard Harman, 2 [[George Street]]<br />
* [[Hope]], William Winter, [[Halton Fields]]<br />
* [[Jolly Fisherman]], James Mann, [[East Beach Street]]<br />
* [[Kings Head (Ore)]], Thomas Baker, * [[King’s Head (Old Town)]], William Smith, [[Courthouse Street]]<br />
* [[Lion]], Charles Wm. Bolingbroke, 1 [[Stone Street]]<br />
* [[Lord Nelson]], Geo. Wingfield, [[East Bourne Street]]<br />
* [[Old Ship]], John Coussins, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* [[Pelham Arms]], Richd. Chandler, 5 [[Pelham Street]]<br />
* [[Pilot]], William Nabbs, [[Stone Street]]<br />
* [[Queens Head]], John Tree, [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* [[Shipwrights Arms]], John Gallop, Priory<br />
* [[The Stag|Stag]], Samuel Heathfield, 15 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* [[Star]], Thomas Morris, [[High Street]]<br />
* [[Star in the East]], William Gallop, [[East Cliff]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
=== TEA DEALERS. ===<br />
* Abbott Sophia, 33 [[West Street]]<br />
* Broadbridge James, [[Castle Terrace]]<br />
* Golson William, [[High Street]]<br />
* Pitter Joseph (& curiosity dealer), 51 [[High Street]]<br />
* Tanner John, [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* West Thomas, 18 [[George Street]]<br />
* Wood Abraham, 72½ [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
=== TIMBER MERCHANTS. ===<br />
* Bayley John, jun. 25 [[High Street]]<br />
* [[James Breeds Jr (1800-1875)|Breeds James]] & Co. [[Fishmarket]]<br />
* [[Thomas Breeds (1794-1794)|Breeds Thomas]] & Co. 61 [[High Street]]<br />
* Jenkins & Cadd, [[Stone Fields]]<br />
* [[Ransom & Ridley Timber|Ransom & Ridley]], Priory<br />
<br />
=== TOBACCONISTS. ===<br />
* Bryant Sarah, 84 [[High Street]]<br />
* Holt Thomas, 3 [[White Rock|White Rock Place]]<br />
* Standen William, [[Pelham Arcade]]<br />
<br />
=== TOY DEALERS. ===<br />
* Bayley William, 53 [[High Street]]<br />
* Roe Mary, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
<br />
=== TRUNK MAKERS. ===<br />
* Truluck Thomas, 82 [[High Street]]<br />
* Weaver James, [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Weaver James, jun. 61 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== VETERINARY SURGEONS. ===<br />
* Jones William, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Stace & Son,<br />
=== WATCH & CLOCK MAKERS. ===<br />
* Cogger Thomas (& Silversmith), 52 [[George Street]]<br />
* Cohen Isaac, 10 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Heizman Geo. (German clock), 108 [[High Street]]<br />
* Job Joseph, 30 [[High Street]]<br />
* Sarles Henry (and working jeweller and optician), 22 [[George Street]]<br />
* Tyrell Henry, 18 [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Weston Robert (& jeweller) 55 [[High Street]]<br />
<br />
=== WHEELWRIGHTS. ===<br />
* Ball James, [[Albion Place]]<br />
* Ball William, Priory<br />
* Philcox Godfrey, * Selden Richard, [[Fairlight Downs]]<br />
<br />
=== WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS. ===<br />
* Brown Thomas, [[Pelham Arcade]] West, and at St Leonards<br />
* Cooper Charles, 5 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Mott Charles Frederick & Co. 10 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Slatter George, 8 [[George Street]]<br />
* Tonge & Co. 5 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Williams Horatio Nelson, 1 [[George Street]]<br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Adams Thomas, Tanner, [[East Cliff]]<br />
* Amoore Jospeh and George, Tallow Chandlers, 47 [[High Street]]<br />
* ANTI-DRY ROT STATION, [[Stone Fields]] – Jenkins & Cadd, agents<br />
* Bisenden Thomas, Labidary, 2 [[Cobourg Cottages]]<br />
* Brook James, Gun maker, 3 [[High Street]]<br />
* Day James, Wine agent 89 [[High Street]]<br />
* Fleurie & Bleard, Egg & poultry merchants, 62 [[George Street]]<br />
* Houghton Thomas, Pawnbroker, 95 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Johnson Jemima, Furrier, * Moon Robert, Tripe dresser, 91 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Moor John Benjamin, Cutler and jeweller, 2 & 3 [[Pelham Place]]<br />
* Oliver Elizabeth, Shell dealer, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Phillips Thomas, Marker at billiard rooms, [[West Street]]<br />
* Pickett Stephen, Clog & patten maker, 26 [[All Saints Street]]<br />
* Smale James, Registrar of marriages, 3 [[George Street]]<br />
* Thwaites John, Block maker, [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Turner Jesse, Sawyer, [[Marine Parade]]<br />
* Tydeman Edmund, Proprietor of billiard rooms, [[Castle Street]]<br />
* Watkinson Joseph, Tobacco-pipe maker, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
* Wingfield George, sail maker, [[Bourne Street]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Public Buildings, Offices, &c. ==<br />
* BILLIARD ROOMS, near [[Coopers Library]], [[West Street]], and [[Castle Street]]<br />
* CUSTOM HOUSE, [[High Street]] – Daniel Gill, esq. collector and landing surveyor; [[Soloman Bevill]], comptroller, tide surveyor and landing waiter<br />
* DISPENSARY, [[High Street]] – Albert Pam, dispenser<br />
* [[Town Jail|GAOL]], [[Bourne Street]] – George Colbran, keeper<br />
* GAS WORKS, [[Winding Lane]] – William Ginner, secretary<br />
* [[Government House|GOVERNMENT HOUSE]], [[Marine Parade]] – Lieut. Robert Mann, resident<br />
* LITERARY INSTITUTION, [[George Street]] – John Phillips, esq. honorary secretary<br />
* LOAN SOCIETY, [[Town Hall]] – Charles Grensides, esq. honorary secretary<br />
* MARKET, [[George Street]] – William Richardson, clerk<br />
* MECHANICS’ INSTITUTION, [[High Street]] – Banks & Holloway, honorary secretaries<br />
* OFFICE FOR ADJUSTING WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, [[Town Hall]] – John Pollard Crough, inspector<br />
* , [[Town Hall]] – John Campbell, superintendent<br />
* TOWN HALL, [[High Street]] – George Colbran, keeper<br />
* WATER WORKS – Stephen Welfare Sinnock, secretary, Cottage<br />
* WORKHOUSE, Ore – John Harman, governor<br />
<br />
=== COACH ===<br />
To LONDON, the Royal Mail, from the White Coach office, [[George Street]], & Emary’s office, [[Castle Street]], every night at ten; goes through Tonbridge Wells, &c.- the Regulator, from Emary’s office, [[Castle Street]], every morning at nine, and the Paragon at ten.<br/><br />
To LONDON, the Express, from Risby’s office, [[Castle Street]], and the White office, [[George Street]], every morning at nine, and the Despatch at half-past ten – and the Royal Saxon, from Standon’s office, [[Pelham Arcade]], and Hutchings’ office, [[Castle Street]], every morning at a quarter before ten; go through Lamberhurst, Tonbridge Seven Oaks, &c.<br/><br />
To BRIGHTON, the Hero, from Glandfield’s office and Emary’s office, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings at ten; goes through Eastbourne and Lewes – the Wonder, from the [[Swan]], [[High Street]], and Waters’ office, [[Castle Street]], and the Magnet, from the [[Marine Hotel|Marine]] and [[Royal Oak Hotel|Royal Oak]] Hotels, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday morning at ten; both go through Battle, &c.<br/><br />
To DOVER, the Reliance, from Emary’s office, Glandfield’s office, and the Swan, [[High Street]], every morning at nine.<br/><br />
To MAIDSTONE, the Liberty, from Emary & Hoad’s office, [[Fishmarket]], every Monday, Wednesday and Friday morning at a quarter before nine.<br />
<br />
=== VANS, &c. ===<br />
For Passengers and Goods.<br/><br />
To LONDON, the Royal Blue Van, from the [[Fishmarket]], every afternoon at three.<br/><br />
To BRIGHTON and LEWES, Elgar & CO.’s Omnibus, from the [[Fishmarket]], every morning at nine.<br/><br />
To DOVER, Kadwell’s Van, from the [[Fishmarket]], every morning at eight; goes thro’ Rye, Tenterden, Ashford, &c.<br/><br />
<br />
=== CARRIERS, ===<br />
To LONDON, – Richardson’s Waggon, from Glandfield’s office, [[George Street]], every Wednesday & Saturday afternoon at two.<br /><br />
To BATTLE, – Reynolds, daily – and – Palmer, daily (Thursday excepted.)<br/><br />
To BECKLEY, – Fairball, every Monday and Thursday.<br/><br />
To BEXHILL, – Gander, every Thursday.<br/><br />
To EASTBOURNE, – Gasson, from the [[Fishmarket]], every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.<br/><br />
To EWHURST, – Watson, every Monday and Friday.<br/><br />
To GUESTLING and FAIRLIGHT, James Burt, daily.<br/><br />
To HAILSHAM, James Hoad, every Wednesday and Saturday.<br/><br />
To NORTHIAM, – Gurrs, every Tuesday and Saturday.<br/><br />
To PETT & GUESTLING, Hills & Catt, every Wednesday and Saturday.<br/><br />
To ROBERTSBRIDGE, George Olive, every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday.<br/><br />
<br />
=== CONVEYANCE BY WATER. ===<br />
To LONDON, the St. Leonard, James Lingham, master, & the Sussex, Thos. Fisher, master, weekly, to Cotton’s wharf, Tooley Street – John Bayley, jun. agent, 25 [[George Street]].<br/><br />
To LONDON, the Phœnix, Captain Betts, and the William Pitt, Captain Waters, weekly, to Fenning’s Wharf – James & Charles Burfield, agents, [[Fishmarket]].<br/><br />
To LONDON, the Milward, Captain White, and the James, Captain Phillips, weekly, to Griffin’s wharf, Tooley St – [[Thomas Breeds (1766-1839)|Thomas Breeds]] & Co. agents, 61 [[High Street]].<br/><br />
<br />
== DIRECTORY OF ST. LEONARDS ==<br />
<br />
=== NOBILITY, GENTRY AND CLERGY. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Allen, Rev. Edward, 66 [[Marina]]<br />
* Bland Michael, esq. [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Bond Mrs. -, 3 [[Maze Hill]]<br />
* Brown William Hugh, esq. 52 [[Marina]]<br />
* Burton Alfred, esq. 36 [[Marina]]<br />
* Burton, William, esq. [[South Lodge]]<br />
* [[St. Leonards Archers|Deudney Miss]] -, 3 [[West Ascent]]<br />
* Dynely Miss -, [[North Cottage]]<br />
* Foster Ralph, esq. 2 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Gage Lady -, 37 [[Marina]]<br />
* Grant Colonel -, 9 [[Maze Hill]]<br />
* Holland Robert, esq. M. P. Aligria<br />
* Hull William, esq. 11 [[Maze Hill]]<br />
* Jeffries Joseph, esq. 13 [[Under Cliff]]<br />
* Lesley Rev. Charles, 7 [[Maze Hill]]<br />
* Lubbock Dowager Lady, 52 [[Marina]]<br />
* Mather Mrs. -, 5 [[Maze Hill]]<br />
* Morley the Misses Maria and Elize, 3 [[Marina]]<br />
* [[James Troup|Troup James]], esq. [[Warrior Square]]<br />
* Wood Thomas, esq. [[North Lodge]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS. ===<br />
* Edgar Ann (boarding and day), 55 [[Marina]]<br />
* INFANTS’ SCHOOL, [[East Ascent]] – Ann Cane, mistress<br />
* NATIONAL SCHOOL, [[East Ascent]] – John Barnes, master; Sarah Bulley, mistress<br />
* Phillips Laura (preparatory), [[West Hill Road|West Hill]]<br />
* Smith Augustus (boarding and day), [[West Hill Road|West Hill]]<br />
<br />
=== BAKERS. ===<br />
* Beck Joseph, 4 [[London Road]]<br />
* Beck William, 6 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Levett Charles V. 3 [[Mercatoria]]<br />
* Sinden & Hayward, 13 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Williams [[Thomas Breeds (1766-1839)|Thomas Breeds]], 5 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== BANKERS. ===<br />
* Smith, Hilder & Co. (Branch), [[Marina Parade]] – (draw on Masterman & Co.) – Chas. Haywood Southall, agt<br />
<br />
=== BOOKSELLER AND PRINTER. ===<br />
* Southall Charles Haywood (& print and music seller & library), [[Marina Parade]]<br />
<br />
=== BOOT & SHOE MAKERS. ===<br />
* Cork John, 5 [[Norman Road]]<br />
* Ford William, 15 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Philpot John, 38 [[Marina]]<br />
* Sharp John, [[New Market]]<br />
<br />
=== BRICKLAYERS. ===<br />
* Burgess Thomas, [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Scott John, [[Under Cliff]]<br />
* Thorne Thomas, [[Under Cliff]]<br />
<br />
=== BUTCHERS. ===<br />
* Parks Newton, 4 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
* Waghorne Edwd. 10 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== CABINET MAKERS. ===<br />
* Bragg Nathaniel, [[Warriors Gate]]<br />
* Carey John, 8 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Drury James, 8 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
* Smith James, 2 [[London Road]]<br />
<br />
=== CARPENTERS. ===<br />
* How Thomas, [[Mercatoria]]<br />
* Jarret Felix, [[Mews Road]]<br />
* Tree Benjamin, [[London Road]]<br />
* Voysey George, [[Warriors Gate]]<br />
<br />
=== CHEMISTS & DRUGGISTS. ===<br />
* Murton George Ansell, 36 [[Marina]]<br />
* Smith Broome Pinniger, 12 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== COAL MERCHANTS. ===<br />
* [[Charles Deudney|Deudney Charles]] & [[Robert Deudney (1801-1883)|Robert Deudney]]|Robert]] (& ship agents), 43 [[Marina]]<br />
* Kayne James (and timber), [[Norman Road|Norman Road West]]<br />
* Putland Stephen, [[London Road]]<br />
<br />
=== FANCY REPOSITORIES. ===<br />
* Renolds Ann, 37 [[Marina]]<br />
* Southall Charles Haywood, [[Marina Parade]]<br />
<br />
=== FISHMONGERS. ===<br />
* Baldock & Breach, [[Undercliff]]<br />
* Price Thomas, 7 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== FRUITERERS. ===<br />
* Osborne Thomas, 6 [[Grand Parade]]<br />
* Reeves Thomas, [[New Market]]<br />
* Walter Alexander, 6 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== GROCERS AND DEALERS IN SUNDRIES. ===<br />
* Beck James (and cheesemonger and oilman), 44 [[Marina]]<br />
* Chester Samuel, 12 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Stubberfield Stephen (and cheesemonger), 5 [[London Road]]<br />
* Viner George, 2 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== HAIR DRESSERS. ===<br />
* Shirley Abel, 37 [[Marina]]<br />
* Tuppen William, [[New Market]]<br />
<br />
=== HOTELS. ===<br />
* [[Conqueror Hotel]], Sarah Johnson, [[Marina]]<br />
* [[Harold Hotel]], John Dovey, 21 & 22 [[Marina]]<br />
* [[Royal Victoria Hotel|Royal Victoria & St. Leonards Hotel]], William Chamberlin, [[Marina]],<br />
* [[South Saxon Hotel]], Henry Peter Hutchings, [[Marina Parade]]<br />
* [[Tivoli Tavern|Tivoli Hotel]], William Matthew Edlin, [[Tivoli]]<br />
<br />
=== LINEN DRAPERS. ===<br />
* Beck Henry, 13 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
* Scott Mary, [[Norman Road|Norman Road West]]<br />
<br />
=== MILLERS. ===<br />
* Baker Edgar, [[The Green|St. Leonards Green]]<br />
* Williams [[Thomas Breeds (1766-1839)|Thomas Breeds]], 5 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== PAINTERS AND GLAZIERS. ===<br />
* Mitchell Henry, [[Norman Road]]<br />
* Neve Chas. 6 [[Norman Road]]<br />
* Wellsted & Chandler, 3 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== SMITHS. ===<br />
* Mann James (and ironmonger), 7 [[East ascent]]<br />
* Marchant Jesse, [[The Greeen|St. Leonards green]]<br />
* Noakes Stanton, [[Bo Peep|Bopeep]]<br />
* Ranger William, [[London Road]]<br />
<br />
=== STONE MASONS. ===<br />
* Homan James, [[Undercliff]]<br />
* Scott John, [[Undercliff]]<br />
<br />
=== STRAW HAT MAKERS. ===<br />
* Reed Sarah, 115 [[Marina]]<br />
* Slough Sarah, 17 [[East Ascent]]<br />
<br />
=== SURGEONS. ===<br />
* Harwood John, M. D. [[Crown House|West Villa]]<br />
* Jones George, 2 [[Warrior Square]]<br />
* Smith Broome Pinniger, 12 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
<br />
=== SURVEYORS. ===<br />
* Inskipp Walter, [[London Road]]<br />
* Putland Stephen, [[London Road]]<br />
<br />
=== TAVERNS & PUBLIC HOUSES. ===<br />
* [[Anchor Inn|Anchor]], Thomas Cooper, [[Mews Passage]]<br />
* [[Fountain (Marina)|Fountain]], Charles Vine, [[Bo Peep|Bopeep]]<br />
* [[Horse & Groom]], Henry Wheeler, [[Mercatoria]]<br />
* [[New England Bank]], William Payne, [[Bo Peep|Bopeep]]<br />
* [[Warriors Gate]]. Stephen Pilcher, [[Warriors Gate]]<br />
<br />
=== WHEELWRIGHTS. ===<br />
* Lamb Richard, [[The Green|St. Leonards Green]]<br />
* Payne William, [[Bo Peep|Bopeep]]<br />
<br />
=== WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS. ===<br />
* Brown Thomas, 14 [[South Colonnade]], and at Hastings.<br />
* Chamberlin William, [[Marina]]<br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous. ===<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* Burton Messrs. House agents, [[South Lodge]]<br />
* Evenden John, Brewer, [[Shepherd Street]]<br />
* Hoad John & Frederick, Riding masters, [[South Saxon Hotel]], and at Hastings.<br />
* Job Jos. watch maker, 8 [[South Colonnade]]<br />
* Mitchell George, auctioneer & appraiser, [[Grand Parade]]<br />
* Pain Charles, Veterinary surgeon, Guestling<br />
* Peerless John, China, glass, &c. dealer, 42 [[Marina]]<br />
* Philpot Mary, milliner, 38 [[Marina]]<br />
* ROYAL BATHS, [[Marina]] – Mr. and Mrs. Roberts, attendants<br />
* Russell William, tailor, 15 [[East Ascent]]<br />
* Segrave John, eating house, [[Mercatoria]]<br />
* Siems Jacob William, confectioner, Parade<br />
* Skinner William, brick maker, [[Bo Peep|Bopeep]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== COACHES & VANS ===<br />
To LONDON, the Royal Mail, from the different Hotels, every night at half-past nine – the Express, from the [[Royal Victoria Hotel|Victoria]], and the Regulator, from the [[Conqueror Hotel]], every morning at half-past eight – and the Royal Paragon, from the [[Conqueror Hotel]], every morning at nine.<br/><br />
To BRIGHTON, the Magnet, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday morning at a quarter past ten – the Hero, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning at ten – & Elgar & Co’s Van, every morning at a quarter past nine.<br/><br />
To DOVER, the Reliance, from the [[Conqueror Hotel|Conqueror]], every morning at half-past eight; goes through Rye, Romney, Hythe and Folkestone.<br/><br />
{{RN}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{footer}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Police Station|POLICE STATION]]<br />
[[Category:Fairlight|Fairlight]]<br />
[[Category:Halton|Halton]]<br />
[[Category:East Hill|East Hill]]<br />
[[Category:East Hill|East Hill]]<br />
[[Category:Ore|Ore]]<br />
[[Category:Fairlight|Fairlight]]<br />
[[Category:Fairlight|Fairlight]]<br />
[[Category:Ore|Ore]]<br />
[[Category:East Hill|East Hill]]<br />
[[Category:Research Sources]]<br />
[[Category:Directories]]</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Jane_Collier(1723%E2%80%93)&diff=108573Jane Collier(1723–)2021-08-07T12:26:56Z<p>Royp: Created page with "{{Showfacts person}}"</p>
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<div>{{Showfacts person}}</div>Royphttps://historymap.info/index.php?title=Mill_Field&diff=108572Mill Field2021-08-07T12:25:29Z<p>Royp: Jane collier dob</p>
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<div>{{STUB}}<br />
This field measured as being 3 acres, 3 rods and 8 perches, located to the west of [[Priory Road]] and incorporating [[Whitefriars Road]], to the west of [[French's Mill]], was formerly part of the [[Pesthouse Fields]]. In 1824, the Reverend George Stonestreet Griffin constructed [[Halton House]] on part of the field (at that time known as [[Lane Field]])<ref>This Wiki: [[Halton House]]</ref> - see note from ESCC Archives below for the full history of the various owners of this field between 1762 and 1869<ref>ESCC Archives (The Keep) [https://www.thekeep.info/collections/getrecord/GB179_YCL_ACC9658_19_6_2 GB179 YCL ACC9658 19 6 2]</ref>:-<br />
[[File:Excerpt from John Shorter's 1767 Map showing Frenchs Mill environs.png|700px|border|center|Excerpt from 1767 Shorter Map showing Mill Field]]<br />
<br />
{{Quote|On 22-23 January 1762 The Mill Field (3a 3r 8p, formerly part of the Pesthouse Fields), was among the property settled on the marriage of [[Jane Collier (1723-)|Jane]], one of the five daughters of [[John Collier (1685-1760)|John Collier]] of Hastings, with William Green. Jane was dead by 1804, when on 18-20 February William Green of Lewes, esq, sold the property, with a lodge, to [[William Scrivens (1772-1824)|William Scrivens]] the elder of Hastings, gent, for [£]525 (13). On 8-9 February 1810, Scrivens sold the property for [£]600 to [[Rowe Carswell (1773-1837)|Rowe Carswell]] of Hastings, miller, who mortgaged it and The [[Lane Field]] for [£]800 to William Gill and [[Joseph Hannay (1753-1842)|Joseph Hannay]] (1-2, 13). <br />
<br />
On 10 August 1827 [[William Lucas Shadwell (1766-1843)|William Lucas Shadwell]] of Hastings, esq, who on 2-3 March 1824 had bought the tithes of St Mary in the Castle from [[Sir Godfrey Webster (1789-1836)|Sir Godfrey Webster]], sold the tithes of The Mill Field and other property to [[Rowe Carswell (1773-1837)|Rowe Carswell]] for [£]147 (12). Carswell died on 18 October and was buried at Ore on 21 October 1837 leaving a son [[William Carswell (1808-1858)|William Carswell]] of Hastings, miller (son of Rowe Carswell and his wife Elizabeth Foster, married at [[St Clements Church|St Clement]] on 28 January 1801 and baptised there on 6 May 1808). William Carswell obtained letters of administration from PCC on 18 December 1837 and sold the field, with the tithes, to Charles Coleman of Hastings, esq, for [£]525 (paid to the surviving mortgagee [[Joseph Hannay (1753-1842)|Joseph Hannay]]) on 5-6 February 1838; the plan incorporated in the deed shows a pond, garden, lodge and [[Albion Cottages]] along [[Priory Road]], and cottages to the west. The [[Lane Field]] was sold to the Revd George Stonestreet Griffen Stonestreet, who covenanted to produce the mortgage deed, which was itself handed to the Revd T Vores on 20 June 1843 (12). On 26 May 1838 Thomas Breeds of Hastings, merchant, gave a statutory declaration of the heirship of William Carswell, then aged 30 (3-5).<br />
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On 30 August 1849 Coleman granted a 99-year lease at [£]3 of the site of 4 [[Belle View]] to Thomas Tutt of Hastings, shoemaker, who mortgaged to the Rape of Hastings Building Society for 350. On 22 March 1856 Tutt was joined by [[Frederick William Foster (1828-1895)|Frederick William Foster]] of Hastings, schoolmaster<ref group="Notes">F. W. Foster was head teacher of [[Hastings Grammar School]] between 1848 and 1870</ref> (to whom he previously sold the lease for [£]370) to assign to John Rayner Hovell of 20 [[St Mary's Terrace|St Marys Terrace]], esq, who paid a further [£]30 to Foster (13). The mortgage was paid off on 20 March 1856 (6-8). On 15 September 1862 Hovell surrendered the lease for [£]475 to Charles Coleman, who granted a 7-year lease at [£]35 to Hannah Blaber of Hastings, widow, on 12 September 1864 (9, 13).<br />
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Charles Coleman leased 6 [[Belle Vue]] for 99 years at [£]5 to Thomas Tutt of Hastings, shoemaker, on 25 August 1853 (13).<br />
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[Charles Coleman died at [[The Tower]], West Hill, on 30 March 1867 and his will, charging legacies on his real estate, was proved on 26 April 1867].<br />
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On 29 July 1869 the land, with 1-6 [[Belle Vue]], formed lots 1-12 in a sale of land at West Hill, which also included [[Mill Hill Cottage]] and The Tower, [[Mill Hill Lodge]] and [[Whitefriars]], a little further north on the opposite side of the road. Lots 9, 11 and 12, number 1-4 and 6 Belle Vue, were bought by George Davis, whose name is written on the outside of the printed particulars (10-12). On 18 August 1869 William Rudall of Lincoln's Inn gave an opinion on the title, in which he questioned whether the vendors were the executors or the beneficiaries, F C Davies and Mr and Mrs Plumbe (13).<br />
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The land which had formed Lot 2 in the sale of 1869 was sold in 16 building-plots on the newly laid out [[Plynlimmon Road]], with a garden forming lot 17, on 9 May 1870 (14-15).}}<br />
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Towards the end of the history given above (1869), Mill Field was recorded as being substantially reduced in size due to further sub-divisions to measure 1 rod 18 perches and in the possession of someone named Clement<ref>{{TheKeep|GB179_PEW_ACC5290_37_2}}</ref>.<br />
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[[Category:Fields]]</div>Royp